Editing Courtly love (section)

===Andalusian and Islamic influence===
One theory holds that courtly love in Southern France was influenced by [[Arabic poetry]] in [[Al-Andalus]].

In contemporary Andalusian writing, ''[[Ṭawq al-Ḥamāmah]]'' (''The Ring of the Dove'') by [[Ibn Hazm]] is a treatise on love which emphasizes restraint and chastity. ''[[Tarjumān al-Ashwāq]]'' (''The Translator of Desires'') by [[Ibn Arabi]] is a collection of love poetry. Outside of Al-Andalus, ''Kitab al-Zahra'' (''Book of the Flower'') by  [[Muhammad bin Dawud al-Zahiri#Divine Love|Ibn Dawud]] and ''Risala fi'l-Ishq'' (''Treatise of Love'') by [[Avicenna|Ibn Sina]] are roughly contemporary treaties on love. Ibn Arabi and Ibn Sina both weave together themes of sensual love with divine love.{{sfn|Boase|1977|pp=65-66}}

According to [[Gustave E. von Grunebaum]], notions of "love for love's sake" and "exaltation of the beloved lady" can be traced back to Arabic literature of the 9th and 10th centuries. The ennobling power of love is overtly discussed in ''Risala fi'l-Ishq''.{{sfn|Grunebaum|1952|p=233-4}}

According to an argument outlined by [[María Rosa Menocal]] in ''The Arabic Role in Medieval Literary History'' (1987), in 11th-century Spain<!-- Muslim al-Andalus, Christian Spain, or both ? -->, a group of wandering poets appeared who would go from court to court, and sometimes travel to Christian courts in southern France, a situation closely mirroring what would happen in southern France about a century later. Contacts between these Spanish poets and the French troubadours were frequent. The metrical forms used by the Spanish poets resembled those later used by the troubadours.{{sfn|Menocal|1987}}