Editing Council of Europe (section)

== Institutions ==
{{Politics of the Council of Europe}}
The institutions of the Council of Europe are:

* The [[Secretary General of the Council of Europe|Secretary General]], who is elected for a term of five years by the PACE and heads the Secretariat of the Council of Europe. Thorbjørn Jagland, the former Prime Minister of Norway, was elected Secretary General of the Council of Europe on 29 September 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.regjeringen.no/en/the-government/previous-governments/historiske-artikler/offices/prime-minister-since-1814/thorbjorn-jagland/id463465/|title=Thorbjørn Jagland|last=regjeringen.no|date=25 June 2014|website=Government.no|language=en-GB|access-date=19 September 2018}}</ref> In June 2014, he became the first Secretary General to be re-elected, commencing his second term in office on 1 October 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/jagland-re-elected-head-of-council-of-europe/ |first1=Andrew |last1=Gardner |title=Jagland re-elected head of Council of Europe|date=25 June 2014|work=POLITICO|access-date=19 September 2018|language=en-US}}</ref>
* The [[Council of Europe Committee of Ministers|Committee of Ministers]], comprising the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of all 46 member states who are represented by their [[Ministers Deputies|Permanent Representatives and Ambassadors]] accredited to the Council of Europe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History, Role, and Activities of the Council of Europe: Facts, Figures and Information Sources |url=https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Council_of_Europe.html |first1=Sophie |last1=Lobey |date=April 2005 |access-date=12 February 2023 |website=GlobaLex }}</ref> Committee of Ministers' presidencies are held in alphabetical order for six months following the English alphabet: [[Turkey]] 11/2010-05/2011, [[Ukraine]] 05/2011-11/2011, the [[United Kingdom]] 11/2011-05/2012, [[Albania]] 05/2012-11/2012, [[Andorra]] 11/2012-05/2013, [[Armenia]] 05/2013-11/2013, [[Austria]] 11/2013-05/2014, and so on.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/cm/cm-chairmanship|title=Chairmanship|website=Committee of Ministers|language=en-GB|access-date=13 December 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213201014/https://www.coe.int/en/web/cm/cm-chairmanship |archive-date= 13 December 2017 }}</ref>
[[File:Plenary chamber of the Council of Europe's Palace of Europe 2014 01.JPG|thumb|upright=1.35|Council's [[Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe|Parliamentary Assembly]] hemicycle]]
* The [[Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe]] (PACE), which comprises national parliamentarians from all member states.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://website-pace.net/en_GB/web/apce/how-it-works|title=How it works|website=PACE |language=en-GB|access-date=19 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919171921/http://website-pace.net/en_GB/web/apce/how-it-works|archive-date=19 September 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Adopting resolutions and recommendations to governments, the Assembly holds a dialogue with its governmental counterpart, the [[Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe|Committee of Ministers]], and is often regarded as the "motor" of the organisation. The national parliamentary delegations to the Assembly must reflect the political spectrum of their national parliament, i.e. comprise government and opposition parties. The Assembly appoints members as rapporteurs with the mandate to prepare parliamentary reports on specific subjects. The British MP [[Sir David Maxwell-Fyfe]] was rapporteur for the drafting of the [[European Convention on Human Rights]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The establishment of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights – The first organisations and cooperative ventures in post-war Europe |url=https://www.cvce.eu/en/education/unit-content/-/unit/026961fe-0d57-4314-a40a-a4ac066a1801/e5143a50-1a43-4a26-8ffd-7a5aaa12ecf7 |access-date=12 February 2023 |website=CVCE }}</ref> [[Dick Marty]]'s reports on secret [[CIA]] detentions and rendition flights in Europe became quite famous in 2006 and 2007. Other Assembly reports were instrumental in, for example, the abolition of the death penalty in Europe, highlighting the political and human rights situation in [[Chechnya]], identifying who was responsible for disappeared persons in [[Belarus]], chronicling threats to freedom of expression in the media and many other subjects.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alleged secret detentions and unlawful inter-state transfers of detainees involving Council of Europe member states |date=12 June 2006 |url=https://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/Xref-XML2HTML-en.asp?fileid=11527&lang=en |access-date=12 February 2023 |website=PACE }}</ref>
* The [[Congress of Local and Regional Authorities]], which was created in 1994 and comprises political representatives from local and regional authorities in all member states. The most influential instruments of the Council of Europe in this field are the [[European Charter of Local Self-Government]] of 1985 and the European Outline Convention on Transfrontier Co-operation between Territorial Communities or Authorities of 1980.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/congress/overview|title=A European Assembly of local and regional elected representatives |website=Congress of Local and Regional Authorities |publisher=Council of Europe |language=en-GB|access-date=13 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/congress/origins-and-history|title=Origins and history |website=Congress of Local and Regional Authorities |publisher=Council of Europe |language=en-GB|access-date=13 December 2017}}</ref>
* The [[European Court of Human Rights]], created under the [[European Convention on Human Rights]] of 1950, is composed of a judge from each member state elected for a single, non-renewable term of nine years by the PACE and is headed by the elected president of the court.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2014 |title=European Court of Human Rights |url=https://ijrcenter.org/european-court-of-human-rights/ |access-date=12 February 2023 |website=International Justice Resource Center |language=en-US}}</ref> The current president of the court is Guido Raimondi from Italy. Under the recent Protocol No. 14 to the [[European Convention on Human Rights]], the Court's case processing was reformed and streamlined. Ratification of Protocol No. 14 was delayed by Russia for a number of years, but won support to be passed in January 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/194/signatures|title=Full list (Chart of signatures and ratifications of Treaty 194)|website=Treaty Office|language=en-GB|access-date=19 September 2018}}</ref>
* The [[Commissioner for Human Rights]] is elected by the PACE for a non-renewable term of six years since the creation of this position in 1999. Since April 2024, this position has been held by [[Michael O'Flaherty]] from Ireland.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/commissioner/the-commissioner/michael-o-flaherty |title=Commissioner for Human Rights – Biography|website=Council of Europe|location=Strasbourg, France|language=en-GB|access-date=6 April 2019}}</ref>
* The Conference of INGOs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.coe.int/T/NGO/default_en.asp |title=Home |publisher=Coe.int |access-date=24 September 2020}}</ref> NGOs can participate in the [[INGOs Conference of the Council of Europe]]. Since the [Resolution (2003)8] adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 19 November 2003, they are given a "participatory status".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rm.coe.int/16806ecbd2 |title=A word from the President on the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the Conference of INGOs of the Council of Europe |work=rm.coe.int |access-date= |archive-date=13 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213204412/https://rm.coe.int/16806ecbd2 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* The Joint Council on Youth of the Council of Europe.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/youth/about-us |title=About us |publisher=Coe.int |date=14 February 2011 |access-date=24 September 2020}}</ref> The European Steering Committee (CDEJ) on Youth and the [[Advisory Council on Youth]] (CCJ) of the Council of Europe form together the Joint Council on Youth (CMJ). The CDEJ brings together representatives of ministries or bodies responsible for youth matters from the 50 States Parties to the European Cultural Convention. The CDEJ fosters cooperation between governments in the youth sector and provides a framework for comparing national youth policies, exchanging best practices and drafting standard-setting texts.<ref>{{Cite web |title=European Steering Committee for Youth – Youth – publi.coe.int |url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/youth/cdej |access-date=12 February 2023 |website=Youth |language=en-GB}}</ref> The Advisory Council on Youth comprises 30 representatives of non-governmental youth organisations and networks. It provides opinions and input from youth NGOs on all youth sector activities and ensures that young people are involved in the council's other activities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About us – Youth – publi.coe.int |url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/youth/about-us |access-date=12 February 2023 |website=Youth |language=en-GB}}</ref>
* Information Offices of the Council of Europe in many member states.

[[File:EU-FR-AL-67@Strasbourg-Pharmacopée européenne 01.jpg|thumb|[[European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines]]]]

===Partial Agreements===

The CoE system also includes a number of semi-autonomous structures known as "[[Partial Agreement]]s", some of which are also open to non-member states:

* The [[Council of Europe Development Bank]] in [[Paris]]
* The [[European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines]] with its [[European Pharmacopoeia]]
* The [[European Audiovisual Observatory]]
* The European Support Fund ''[[Eurimages]]'' for the co-production and distribution of films.<ref>{{Cite web |last=s.r.o |first=Appio Digital |title=Eurimages – co-production, distribution and exhibition support {{!}} DOKweb |url=https://dokweb.net/database/organizations/about/5b527769-c340-448a-ba00-6cd460fb41a6/eurimages-co-production-distribution-and-exhibition-support |access-date=12 February 2023 |website=dokweb.net |language=en}}</ref>
* The Enlarged Partial Agreement on Cultural Routes, which awards the certification "[[Cultural Route of the Council of Europe]]" to transnational networks promoting European heritage and intercultural dialogue (Luxembourg)
* The [[Pompidou Group]] – Cooperation Group to Combat Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking in Drugs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home – Pompidou Group – publi.coe.int |url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/pompidou |access-date=12 February 2023 |website=Pompidou Group |language=en-GB}}</ref>
* The European Commission for Democracy through Law, better known as the [[Venice Commission]]
* The [[Group of States Against Corruption]] (GRECO)
* The European and Mediterranean [[EUR-OPA Major Hazards Agreement|Major Hazards Agreement (EUR-OPA)]] which is a platform for cooperation between European and Southern Mediterranean countries in the field of major natural and technological disasters.<ref>{{Cite web |title=European and Mediterranean Major Hazards Agreement – European and Mediterranean Major Hazards Agreement – publi.coe.int |url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/europarisks |access-date=12 February 2023 |website=European and Mediterranean Major Hazards Agreement |language=en-GB}}</ref>
* The Enlarged Partial Agreement on Sport, which is open to accession by states and sports associations.<ref>{{cite web|title = Enlarged Partial Agreement on Sport |publisher=Council of Europe|url=http://www.coe.int/t/DG4/EPAS/default_en.asp}}</ref>
* The [[North-South Centre]] of the Council of Europe in [[Lisbon]] (Portugal)
* The Centre for Modern Languages is in [[Graz]] (Austria)
* The [[Register of Damage for Ukraine]], a register for Ukrainians to seek compensation for damages from the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]].

=== Summits ===
Occasionally the Council of Europe organizes summits of the heads of state and government of its member states. Four summits have been held to date with the fourth concluding on 17 May 2023.<ref name=abc20230516>{{cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Business/wireStory/council-europe-summit-iceland-seeks-hold-russia-account-99365310 |title=Council of Europe summit in Iceland seeks to hold Russia to account for waging war in Ukraine |work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |date=16 May 2023 |access-date=17 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/cm/summits | title=Summits of Heads of State and Government of the Council of Europe – Committee of Ministers – www.coe.int }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/portal/fourth-council-of-europe-summit | title=Fourth Council of Europe summit – Portal – www.coe.int }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+Overview of Council of Europe summits
|-
!scope="col"| Date
!scope="col"| Host country
!scope="col"| Host city 
|-
|scope="row"| 8–9 October 1993
| {{AUT}} || [[Vienna]] 
|-
|scope="row"| 10–11 October 1997
| {{FRA}} || [[Strasbourg]] 
|-
|scope="row"| 16–17 May 2005
| {{POL}} || [[Warsaw]]
|-
|scope="row"| 16–17 May 2023
| {{ISL}} || [[Reykjavík]]
|}

=== Headquarters and buildings ===

{{See also|European Institutions in Strasbourg}}
[[File:Council of Europe Palais de l'Europe aerial view.JPG|thumb|Aerial shot of the [[Palace of Europe]] in Strasbourg]]
[[File:Council of Europe Agora building in Strasbourg.JPG|thumb|Council of Europe's Agora building]]
The seat of the Council of Europe is in [[Strasbourg]], France. First meetings were held in Strasbourg's [[University of Strasbourg|University]] Palace in 1949,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Robertson |first=A. H. |date=1954 |title=The Council of Europe, 1949–1953: I |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/755535 |journal=The International and Comparative Law Quarterly |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=235–255 |doi=10.1093/iclqaj/3.2.235 |jstor=755535 |issn=0020-5893}}</ref> but the Council of Europe soon moved into its own buildings. The Council of Europe's eight main buildings are situated in the ''Quartier européen'', an area in the northeast of Strasbourg spread over the three districts of Le Wacken, La Robertsau and Quartier de l'Orangerie, where are also located the four buildings of the [[seat of the European Parliament in Strasbourg]], the [[Arte]] headquarters and the seat of the [[International Institute of Human Rights]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=McManus |first=David |date=17 September 2008 |title=New General Building of Council of Europe |url=https://www.e-architect.com/france/nbgen-strasbourg |access-date=12 February 2023 |website=e-architect |language=en-gb}}</ref>

Building in the area started in 1949 with the predecessor of the {{lang|fr|Palais de l'Europe}}, the House of Europe (demolished in 1977), and came to a provisional end in 2007 with the opening of the New General Office Building, later named "Agora", in 2008.<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.coe.int/t/DC/Press/Source/PressFile_%20AGORA_fr.pdf |date=30 January 2008 |language=fr |title=Inauguration of the Agora Building |publisher=Council of Europe |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528112354/http://www.coe.int/t/DC/Press/Source/PressFile_%20AGORA_fr.pdf |archive-date=28 May 2008 }}</ref> The {{lang|fr|Palais de l'Europe}} ([[Palace of Europe]]) and the [[Art Nouveau]] Villa Schutzenberger (seat of the [[European Audiovisual Observatory]]) are in the Orangerie district, and the [[European Court of Human Rights]], the EDQM and the Agora Building are in the Robertsau district. The Agora building has been voted "best international business centre real estate project of 2007" on 13 March 2008, at the MIPIM 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mipim.com/App/homepage.cfm?appname=100517&moduleid=288&campaignid=11888&iUserCampaignID=43827991|title=2008 List of MIPIM winners}}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> The European Youth Centre is located in the Wacken district.

Besides its headquarters in Strasbourg, the Council of Europe is also present in other cities and countries. The Council of Europe Development Bank has its seat in Paris, the [[North-South Centre]] of the Council of Europe is established in [[Lisbon]], Portugal, and the Centre for Modern Languages is in [[Graz]], Austria. There are [[European Youth Centres]] in [[Budapest]], Hungary, and in Strasbourg. The European Wergeland Centre, a new Resource Centre on education for intercultural dialogue, human rights and democratic citizenship, operated in cooperation with the Norwegian Government, opened in [[Oslo]], Norway, in February 2009.<ref>{{cite web |title =European Wergeland Centre |url =http://www.theewc.org/about-the-ewc.html |url-status =dead |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20090418213025/http://www.theewc.org/about-the-ewc.html |archive-date =18 April 2009}}</ref>

The Council of Europe has external offices all over the European continent and beyond. There are four 'Programme Offices', namely in Ankara, Podgorica, Skopje, and Venice. There are also 'Council of Europe Offices' in Baku, Belgrade, Chisinau, Kyiv, Paris, Pristina, Sarajevo, Tbilisi, Tirana, and [[Council of Europe Office (Armenia)|Yerevan]]. Bucharest has a Council of Europe Office on Cybercrime. There are also Council of Europe Offices in non-European capital cities like Rabat and Tunis.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=List of external offices |url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/programmes/external-offices |access-date=21 October 2022 |website=Office of the Directorate General of Programmes |language=en-GB}}</ref>

Additionally, there are 4 "Council of Europe Liaison Offices", this includes:

* Council of Europe Liaison Office in Brussels: The office is in charge of liaison with the European Union
* Council of Europe Office in Geneva:  Permanent Delegation of the Council of Europe to the United Nations Office and other international organisations in Geneva
* Council of Europe Office in Vienna: The office is in charge of liaison with the [[OSCE]], United Nations Office, and other international organisations in Vienna
* Council of Europe Office in Warsaw: The office is in charge of liaison with other international organisations and institutions in Warsaw, in particular, the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (OSCE/ODIHR)<ref name="auto1"/>