Editing Coppicing (section)

== For energy wood ==
Coppicing of [[willow]], [[alder]] and [[populus|poplar]] for [[energy wood]] has proven commercially successful.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2021-08-29|title=Willows for energy and phytoremediation in Sweden |url=http://www.fao.org/3/a0026e/a0026e11.htm|website=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|first1=Ioannis |last1=Dimitriou |first2=Pär |last2=Aronsson|date=2005}}</ref> The [[Willow Biomass Project]] in the United States is an example of this. In this case the coppicing is done in a way that an annual or more likely a tri-annual cut can happen. This seems to maximize the production volume from the stand. Such frequent growth means the soils can be easily depleted and so fertilizers are often required. The stock also becomes exhausted after some years and so will be replaced with new plants. The method of harvesting of energy wood can be mechanized by adaptation of specialized agricultural machinery.<ref>''Silviculture Concepts and Applications'', Ralph D. Nyland 2002 Ch. 24 "Coppice Silviculture"</ref>

Species and cultivars vary in when they should be cut, regeneration times and other factors. However, full [[life cycle analysis]] has shown that poplars have a lower effect in greenhouse gas emissions for energy production than alternatives.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Poplar (Populus spp.) Trees for Biofuel Production – Farm Energy |url=https://farm-energy.extension.org/poplar-populus-spp-trees-for-biofuel-production/ |access-date=2024-12-01 |website=farm-energy.extension.org}}</ref>