Editing Common buzzard (section)

===Habitat===
The common buzzard generally inhabits the interface of [[woodland]]s and [[Open terrain|open grounds]]; most typically the species lives in [[Woodland edge|forest edge]], small woods or [[Windbreak|shelterbelts]] with adjacent [[grassland]], [[Arable land|arable]]s or other [[Agricultural land|farmland]]. It acquits to open [[moorland]] as long as there is some trees for perch hunting and nesting use. The woods they inhabit may be [[Temperate coniferous forest|coniferous]], [[temperate broadleaf and mixed forests]] and [[temperate deciduous forest]] with occasional preferences for the local dominant tree. It is absent from treeless [[tundra]], as well as the [[Subarctic]] where the species almost entirely gives way to the rough-legged buzzard.<ref name= Ferguson-Lees/><ref name= Brown/> The common buzzard is sporadic or rare in treeless [[steppe]] but can occasionally migrate through it (despite its name, the steppe buzzard subspecies breeds primarily in the [[Woodland edge|wooded fringes]] of the steppe).<ref>Viter, S. G. (2019). ''Forestry Activities and Their Influence on the Raptor's Populations in the Southern Forest-Steppe Zone and Steppe Zone (on the Example of the Kharkiv Region of Ukraine)''. Raptors Conservation, 38.</ref> The species may be found to some extent in both in [[Montane ecosystems|mountainous]] or [[Upland and lowland|flat country]]. Although adaptable to and sometimes seen in [[wetland]]s and in [[coast]]al areas, buzzards are often considered more of an upland species and neither appear to be regularly attracted to or to strongly avoid bodies of waters in non-migratory times.<ref name= Ferguson-Lees/><ref name= Brown/><ref>Kamarauskaitė, A., Skuja, S., & Treinys, R. (2019). ''Nesting habitat overlap between the Common Buzzard Buteo buteo and the Lesser Spotted Eagle Clanga pomarina for conservation planning in Natura 2000 sites''. Bird Study, 66(2), 224-233.</ref> Buzzards in well-wooded areas of eastern [[Poland]] largely used large, [[Old-growth forest|mature stands of trees]] that were more [[Humidity|humid]], richer and denser than prevalent in surrounding area, but showed preference for those within {{cvt|30|to|90|m}} of openings.<ref>Jȩdrzejewski, W., Jȩdrzejewska, B., & Keller, M. (1988). ''Nest site selection by the buzzard Buteo buteo L. in the extensive forests of eastern Poland''. Biological conservation, 43(2), 145–158.</ref> Mostly resident buzzards live in lowlands and [[foothill]]s, but they can live in timbered ridges and uplands as well as [[Rocky shore|rocky coasts]], sometimes nesting on cliff ledges rather than trees. Buzzards may live from sea level to elevations of {{cvt|2000|m}}, breeding mostly below {{cvt|1000|m}} but they can winter to an elevation of {{cvt|2500|m}} and migrates easily to {{cvt|4500|m}}.<ref name= Ferguson-Lees/> In the mountainous Italian [[Apennines]], buzzard nests were at a mean elevation of {{cvt|1399|m}} and were, relative to the surrounding area, further from [[Land development|human developed areas]] (i.e. roads) and nearer to [[valley]] bottoms in rugged, irregularly topographed places, especially ones that faced northeast.<ref>Penteriani, V. & Faivre, B. (1997). ''Habitat selection of Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo) in a mountain area (Abruzzo Apennines, Italy)''. J. Raptor Res., 31(3), 208–212.</ref> Common buzzards are fairly adaptable to [[agricultural land]]s but will show can show regional declines in apparent response to agriculture. Changes to more extensive agricultural practices were shown to reduce buzzard populations in western [[France]] where reduction of "[[hedge]]rows, [[woodlot]]s and [[grassland]]s areas" caused a decline of buzzards and in [[Hampshire]], England where more extensive grazing by free-range [[cattle]] and [[horse]]s led to declines of buzzards, probably largely due to the seeming reduction of small [[mammal]] populations there.<ref>Butet, A., Michel, N., Rantier, Y., Comor, V., Hubert-Moy, L., Nabucet, J., & Delettre, Y. (2010). ''Responses of common buzzard (Buteo buteo) and Eurasian kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) to land use changes in agricultural landscapes of Western France''. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment, 138(3–4), 152–159.</ref><ref>Tubbs, C. R., & Tubbs, J. M. (1985). ''Buzzards Buteo buteo and land use in the New Forest, Hampshire, England''. Biological Conservation, 31(1), 41–65.</ref> On the contrary, buzzards in central Poland adapted to removal of [[pine]] trees and reduction of rodent prey by changing nest sites and prey for a time with no strong change in their local numbers.<ref>Gryz, J., & Krauze-Gryz, D. (2019). ''The Common Buzzard Buteo buteo Population in a Changing Environment, Central Poland as a Case Study''. Diversity, 11(3), 35.</ref> Extensive [[urbanization]] seems to negatively affect buzzards, this species being generally less adaptable to urban areas than their New World counterparts, the [[red-tailed hawk]]. Although [[Peri-urbanisation|peri-urban areas]] can actually increase potential prey populations in a location at times, individual buzzard mortality, nest disturbances and nest site [[Habitat destruction|habitat degradation]] rises significantly in such areas.<ref>Palomino, D., & Carrascal, L. M. (2007). ''Habitat associations of a raptor community in a mosaic landscape of Central Spain under urban development''. Landscape and Urban Planning, 83(4), 268–274.</ref><ref name= Rooney2>Rooney, E., Reid, N., & Montgomery, W. I. (2015). ''Supplementary feeding increases Common Buzzard Buteo buteo productivity but only in poor‐quality habitat''. Ibis, 157(1), 181–185.</ref><ref>Stenkat, J., Krautwald-Junghanns, M. E., & Schmidt, V. (2013). ''Causes of morbidity and mortality in free-living birds in an urban environment in Germany''. Ecohealth, 10(4), 352–365.</ref> Common buzzards are fairly adaptive to [[rural area]]s as well as [[suburb]]an areas with [[park]]s and large [[garden]]s, in addition to such areas if they're near farms.<ref>Panuccio, M., Foschi, F., Todini, A., Baldi, A., Dominicis, N., De Filippis, P., & Palmeri, A. (2019). ''Better to stay downtown or in the countryside? Raptors wintering in urban and rural Protected Areas of Rome (Central Italy)''. Raptor Migration.</ref><ref>Vysochyn, M. O. (2019). ''Population dynamics and types of habitats at breeding sites of raptors (Falconiformes) of the Donetsk Ridge along a gradient of anthropogenic disturbance''. Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems, 10(4), 464-469.</ref><ref>Kopij, G. (2018). ''Ecological distribution and population densities of raptors in the inner and outer zone of a Central European city''. Biological Bulletin of Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University, 8(1).</ref>