Editing Coccolithophore (section)

====Great Calcite Belt====
[[File:Great Calcite Belt of the Southern Ocean.webm|thumb|upright=2|Yearly cycle of the [[Great Calcite Belt]] in the Southern Ocean]]
{{Main|Great Calcite Belt}}

The [[Great Calcite Belt]] of the [[Southern Ocean]] is a region of elevated summertime upper ocean calcite concentration derived from coccolithophores, despite the region being known for its [[diatom]] predominance. The overlap of two major phytoplankton groups, coccolithophores and diatoms, in the dynamic frontal systems characteristic of this region provides an ideal setting to study environmental
influences on the distribution of different species within these taxonomic groups.<ref name=Smith2017>{{cite journal |doi = 10.5194/bg-14-4905-2017|title = The influence of environmental variability on the biogeography of coccolithophores and diatoms in the Great Calcite Belt|year = 2017|last1 = Smith|first1 = Helen E. K.|last2 = Poulton|first2 = Alex J.|last3 = Garley|first3 = Rebecca|last4 = Hopkins|first4 = Jason|last5 = Lubelczyk|first5 = Laura C.|last6 = Drapeau|first6 = Dave T.|last7 = Rauschenberg|first7 = Sara|last8 = Twining|first8 = Ben S.|last9 = Bates|first9 = Nicholas R.|last10 = Balch|first10 = William M.|journal = Biogeosciences|volume = 14|issue = 21|pages = 4905–4925|bibcode = 2017BGeo...14.4905S|doi-access = free}} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50px]] Material was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License].</ref>

The Great Calcite Belt, defined as an elevated [[particulate inorganic carbon]] (PIC) feature occurring alongside seasonally elevated [[chlorophyll a]] in [[Wiktionary:austral|austral]] spring and summer in the Southern Ocean,<ref name=Balch2005>{{cite journal |doi = 10.1029/2004JC002560|title = Calcium carbonate measurements in the surface global ocean based on Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer data|year = 2005|last1 = Balch|first1 = W. M.|last2 = Gordon|first2 = Howard R.|last3 = Bowler|first3 = B. C.|last4 = Drapeau|first4 = D. T.|last5 = Booth|first5 = E. S.|journal = Journal of Geophysical Research|volume = 110|issue = C7|pages = C07001|bibcode = 2005JGRC..110.7001B|doi-access = free}}</ref> plays an important role in climate fluctuations,<ref>{{cite journal |doi = 10.1038/30455|title = Simulated response of the ocean carbon cycle to anthropogenic climate warming|year = 1998|last1 = Sarmiento|first1 = Jorge L.|last2 = Hughes|first2 = Tertia M. C.|last3 = Stouffer|first3 = Ronald J.|last4 = Manabe|first4 = Syukuro|journal = Nature|volume = 393|issue = 6682|pages = 245–249|bibcode = 1998Natur.393..245S|s2cid = 4317429}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi = 10.1029/2003GB002134|title = Response of ocean ecosystems to climate warming|year = 2004|last1 = Sarmiento|first1 = J. L.|last2 = Slater|first2 = R.|last3 = Barber|first3 = R.|last4 = Bopp|first4 = L.|last5 = Doney|first5 = S. C.|last6 = Hirst|first6 = A. C.|last7 = Kleypas|first7 = J.|last8 = Matear|first8 = R.|last9 = Mikolajewicz|first9 = U.|last10 = Monfray|first10 = P.|last11 = Soldatov|first11 = V.|last12 = Spall|first12 = S. A.|last13 = Stouffer|first13 = R.|journal = Global Biogeochemical Cycles|volume = 18|issue = 3|pages = n/a|bibcode = 2004GBioC..18.3003S|hdl = 1912/3392| s2cid=15482539 | url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03129787/file/2003GB002134.pdf |hdl-access = free}}</ref> accounting for over 60% of the Southern Ocean area (30–60° S).<ref name=Balch2011>{{cite journal |doi = 10.1029/2011JC006941|title = The contribution of coccolithophores to the optical and inorganic carbon budgets during the Southern Ocean Gas Exchange Experiment: New evidence in support of the "Great Calcite Belt" hypothesis|year = 2011|last1 = Balch|first1 = W. M.|last2 = Drapeau|first2 = D. T.|last3 = Bowler|first3 = B. C.|last4 = Lyczskowski|first4 = E.|last5 = Booth|first5 = E. S.|last6 = Alley|first6 = D.|journal = Journal of Geophysical Research|volume = 116|issue = C4|pages = C00F06|bibcode = 2011JGRC..116.0F06B}}</ref> The region between 30° and 50° S has the highest uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) alongside the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans.<ref>{{cite journal |doi = 10.1126/science.1097403|title = The Oceanic Sink for Anthropogenic CO2|year = 2004|last1 = Sabine|first1 = C. L.|last2 = Feely|first2 = R. A.|last3 = Gruber|first3 = N.|last4 = Key|first4 = R. M.|last5 = Lee|first5 = K.|last6 = Bullister|first6 = J. L.|last7 = Wanninkhof|first7 = R.|last8 = Wong|first8 = C. S.|last9 = Wallace|first9 = D. W.|last10 = Tilbrook|first10 = B.|last11 = Millero|first11 = F. J.|last12 = Peng|first12 = T. H.|last13 = Kozyr|first13 = A.|last14 = Ono|first14 = T.|last15 = Rios|first15 = A. F.|journal = Science|volume = 305|issue = 5682|pages = 367–371|pmid = 15256665|bibcode = 2004Sci...305..367S|s2cid = 5607281|url = http://oceanrep.geomar.de/46251/1/1193.full.pdf}}</ref>