Editing Claude Shannon (section)

===Artificial Intelligence===
In 1950, Shannon designed and built, with the help of his wife, a learning machine named Theseus. It consisted of a maze on a surface, through which a mechanical mouse could move. Below the surface were sensors that followed the path of a mechanical mouse through the maze. After much trial and error, this device would learn the shortest path through the maze, and direct the mechanical mouse through the maze. The pattern of the maze could be changed at will.<ref name="MIT" />

[[Mazin Gilbert]] stated that Theseus "inspired the whole field of AI. This random trial and error is the foundation of artificial intelligence."<ref name="MIT">{{cite journal |last1=Klein |first1=Daniel |date=2019 |editor1-last=Dragoon |editor1-first=aLICE |title=Mighty mouse |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2018/12/19/138508/mighty-mouse/ |journal=MIT News |language=English |location=Cambridge Massachusetts |publisher=MIT Technology Review |issue=January/February |pages=6–7}}</ref>

Shannon wrote multiple influential papers on artificial intelligence, such as his 1950 paper titled "Programming a Computer for Playing Chess", and his 1953 paper titled "Computers and Automata".<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cordeschi |first=Roberto |date=2007-04-25 |title=AI Turns Fifty: Revisiting ITS Origins |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08839510701252304 |journal=Applied Artificial Intelligence |language=en |volume=21 |issue=4–5 |pages=259–279 |doi=10.1080/08839510701252304 |issn=0883-9514}}</ref> Alongside [[John McCarthy (computer scientist)|John McCarthy]], he co-edited a book titled ''Automata Studies'', which was published in 1956.<ref name=":16">{{Cite journal |last=Kline |first=Ronald |date=2011 |title=Cybernetics, Automata Studies, and the Dartmouth Conference on Artificial Intelligence |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5477410 |journal=IEEE Annals of the History of Computing |volume=33 |issue=4 |pages=5–16 |doi=10.1109/MAHC.2010.44 |issn=1058-6180}}</ref> The categories in the articles within the volume were influenced by Shannon's own subject headings in his 1953 paper.<ref name=":16" /> Shannon shared McCarthy's goal of creating a science of intelligent machines, but also held a broader view of viable approaches in automata studies, such as neural nets, Turing machines, cybernetic mechanisms, and symbolic processing by computer.<ref name=":16" />

Shannon co-organized and participated in the [[Dartmouth workshop]] of 1956, alongside John McCarthy, [[Marvin Minsky]] and [[Nathaniel Rochester (computer scientist)|Nathaniel Rochester]], and which is considered the founding event of the field of artificial intelligence.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=McCarthy |first1=John |last2=Minsky |first2=Marvin L. |last3=Rochester |first3=Nathaniel |last4=Shannon |first4=Claude E. |date=2006-12-15 |title=A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence, August 31, 1955 |url=https://ojs.aaai.org/aimagazine/index.php/aimagazine/article/view/1904 |journal=AI Magazine |language=en |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=12 |doi=10.1609/aimag.v27i4.1904 |issn=2371-9621}}</ref><ref name="Solomonoff"/>