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====Beginning of steppe nomadism==== The formation of genuine [[nomadic pastoralism]] itself happened in the early [[1st millennium BC]] due to [[Climate variability and change|climatic changes]] which caused the environment in the Central Asian and [[Siberia]]n [[steppe]]s to become cooler and drier than before.{{sfn|Sulimirski|Taylor|1991|p=552}} These changes caused the sedentary mixed farmers of the [[Bronze Age]] to become nomadic pastoralists, so that by the 9th century BC all the steppe settlements of the sedentary Bronze Age populations had disappeared,{{sfn|Melyukova|1995|p=27}} and therefore led to the development of population mobility and the formation of warrior units necessary to protect herds and take over new areas.{{sfn|Petrenko|1995|p=5}} These climatic conditions in turn caused the nomadic groups to become [[Transhumance|transhumant]] pastoralists constantly moving their herds from one pasture to another in the steppe,{{sfn|Melyukova|1995|p=27}} and to search for better pastures to the west, in [[North Caucasus|Ciscaucasia]] and the forest steppe regions of western Eurasia.{{sfn|Sulimirski|Taylor|1991|p=552}}
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