Editing Cicada (section)

===Temperature regulation===

Desert cicadas such as ''[[Diceroprocta apache]]'' are unusual among insects in controlling their temperature by [[evaporative cooling]], analogous to [[sweating]] in mammals. When their temperature rises above about {{convert|39|C|F|0}}, they suck excess sap from the food plants and extrude the excess water through pores in the [[tergum]] at a modest cost in energy. Such a rapid loss of water can be sustained only by feeding on water-rich [[xylem sap]]. At lower temperatures, feeding cicadas would normally need to excrete the excess water. By evaporative cooling, desert cicadas can reduce their bodily temperature by some 5&nbsp;°C.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hadley |first1=Neil F. |last2=Quinlan |first2=Michael C. |last3=Kennedy |first3=Michael L. |date=1991 |title=Evaporative cooling in the desert cicada: thermal efficiency and water/metabolic costs |journal=[[Journal of Experimental Biology]] |volume=159 |issue=1 |pages=269–283 |doi=10.1242/jeb.159.1.269 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Toolson |first=Eric C. |title=Water Profligacy as an Adaptation to Hot Deserts: Water Loss Rates and Evaporative Cooling in the Sonoran Desert Cicada, Diceroprocta apache |journal=Physiological Zoology |volume=60 |issue=4 |year=1987 |pages=379–385 |doi=10.1086/physzool.60.4.30157899 |s2cid=87904484 }}</ref> Some non-desert cicada species such as ''Magicicada tredecem'' also cool themselves evaporatively, but less dramatically.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Toolson |first1=Eric C. |last2=Toolson |first2=Elizabeth K. |title=Evaporative cooling and endothermy in the 13-year periodical cicada, Magicicada tredecem |journal=Journal of Comparative Physiology B |year=1991 |volume=161 |issue=1 |pages=109–115 |doi=10.1007/BF00258754 |s2cid=23530728 }}</ref> Conversely, many other cicadas can voluntarily raise their body temperatures as much as 22 °C (40 °F) above ambient temperature.<ref name="Sanborn et al 2003"/>