Editing Chess (section)

====Special pawn moves====
{{Anchor|en passant}}
{{Main|En passant|Promotion (chess)|l2=Promotion}}
[[File:ChessPawnSpecialMoves.gif|thumb|right|upright=1.15|Examples of special pawn moves: ({{em|left}}) [[Promotion (chess)|promotion]]; ({{em|right}}) ''[[en passant]]'']]
Pawns have two special moves:
* ''En passant'': when a pawn makes a two-square advance to the same rank as an opponent's pawn on an adjacent file, that pawn can capture it ''en passant'' ("in passing"), moving to one square behind the captured pawn. A pawn can only be captured ''en passant'' on the turn after it makes a two-square advance. In the animated diagram, the black pawn advances two squares from g7 to g5, and the white pawn on f5 takes it ''en passant'', landing on g6.
* ''Promotion'': when a pawn advances to its {{chessgloss|eighth rank|last rank}}, it is ''promoted'' and replaced with the player's choice of a queen, rook, bishop, or knight. Usually, pawns are promoted to queens; choosing another piece is called [[underpromotion]]. In the animated diagram, the c7-pawn is advanced to c8 and promoted to a queen. If the required piece is not available (e.g. a second queen), an inverted rook is sometimes used as a substitute, but this is not recognized in FIDE-sanctioned games.
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