Editing Chennai (section)

=== Climate ===
Under the [[Köppen climate classification]], Chennai has the dry-summer version of a [[tropical savanna climate]] (''As''),<ref>{{cite book |last1=Elbeltagi |first1=Ahmed |last2=Pande |first2=Chaitanya B. |last3=Moharir |first3=Kanak N. |last4=Pham |first4=Quoc Bao |last5=Singh |first5=Sudhir Kumar |title=Climate Change Impacts on Natural Resources, Ecosystems and Agricultural Systems |date=13 February 2023 |publisher=[[Springer International]] |isbn=978-3-03119-059-9 |page=348}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Khan |first1=Ansar |last2=Akbari |first2=Hashem |last3=Fiorito |first3=Francesco |last4=Mithun |first4=Sk |last5=Niyogi |first5=Dev |title=Global Heat Island Migration |date=2022 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-0-323-85539-6 |page=160 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P7JYEAAAQBAJ&dq=chennai+dry+summer+climate+As+koppen&pg=PA160}}</ref> closely bordering the dry-winter version (''Aw'') due to a February average rainfall of {{cvt|4.7|mm}}. The city lies on the [[thermal equator]] and as it is also located on the coast, there is no extreme variation in seasonal temperature.<ref name="CMDAA">{{cite web|title=About Chennai|url=https://www.cmdachennai.gov.in/pdfs/tenders/ChengalpattuNewTownDevelopmentPlan/TOR.pdf|page=28|access-date=28 December 2022|publisher=[[Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority]]}}</ref> The hottest time of the year is from April to June with an average temperature of {{cvt|35–40|°C}}.<ref>{{cite news|title=Heat may gradually relent over most parts of the State after June 18, says IMD|date=15 June 2023|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/heat-may-gradually-relent-over-most-parts-of-the-state-after-june-18-says-imd/article66973265.ece|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=28 November 2023|archive-date=8 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208112216/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/heat-may-gradually-relent-over-most-parts-of-the-state-after-june-18-says-imd/article66973265.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> The highest recorded temperature was {{cvt|45|°C}} on 31 May 2003.<ref name="IMDE">{{cite report|url=https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf|title=Climatology tables:Extremes till 2012|publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]]|access-date=29 May 2023|archive-date=5 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> The coldest time of the year is in December{{ndash}}January, with average temperature of {{cvt|19|–|25|C|F}} and the lowest recorded temperature of {{cvt|13.9|°C|°F}} on 11 December 1895 and 29 January 1905.<ref name="IMDNorm">{{cite report|title=Climatology tables:Normal 1981-2010|url=https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20(STATWISE).pdf|publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]]|page=279|access-date=29 May 2023|archive-date=20 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620142419/https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

Chennai receives most of its rainfall from the [[northeast monsoon]] between October and December while smaller amounts of rain also come from the [[southwest monsoon]] between June and September. The dry season is between January and May, with March having the least average rainfall at {{cvt|3.4|mm}}. The average annual rainfall is about {{cvt|120|cm}}.<ref>{{cite report|title=Ground Water Brochure, Chennai|url=https://cgwb.gov.in/sites/default/files/2022-10/chennai.pdf|access-date=28 December 2022|publisher=Central Ground Water Board, [[Government of India]]|archive-date=13 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231213065623/https://cgwb.gov.in/sites/default/files/2022-10/chennai.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> The highest annual rainfall recorded was {{cvt|257|cm}} in 2005.<ref>{{cite news|title=Northeast monsoon dumps 57% excess rainfall in Tamil Nadu in 2021|date=31 December 2021|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/northeast-monsoon-dumps-57-excess-rainfall-in-tamil-nadu-in-2021-1066547.html|newspaper=[[Deccan Herald]]|access-date=31 December 2022|archive-date=8 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208112216/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/northeast-monsoon-dumps-57-excess-rainfall-in-tamil-nadu-in-2021-1066547.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Prevailing winds in Chennai are usually southwesterly between April and October and northeasterly during the rest of the year.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/easterly-southeasterly-winds-keep-city-cool/articleshow/58454114.cms|title=Easterly, southeasterly winds keep city cool|date=1 May 2007|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=28 December 2022|archive-date=8 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208112216/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/easterly-southeasterly-winds-keep-city-cool/articleshow/58454114.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The city relies on the annual monsoon rains to replenish water reservoirs.<ref>{{cite report|url=https://mausam.imd.gov.in/chennai/mcdata/ne_monsoon_2022.pdf|title=Northeast Monsoon, 2022|publisher=[[India Meteorological Department]]|access-date=19 March 2023|archive-date=8 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208112218/https://mausam.imd.gov.in/chennai/mcdata/ne_monsoon_2022.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> [[North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone|Cyclones and depressions]] are common features during the season.<ref>{{cite news|title=NE monsoon sets in, brings in copious rains|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2005/oct/12imd.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926100107/https://www.rediff.com/news/2005/oct/12imd.htm|archive-date=26 September 2020|work=[[Rediff]]|date=12 October 2005|access-date=1 June 2011}}</ref> Water inundation and flooding happen in low-lying areas during the season with significant flooding in [[2015 South India floods#Chennai|2015]] and [[2023 Chennai floods|2023]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Chennai Flooded, 2015 All Over Again! Cyclonic Storm Michaung to blame or infrastructure|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/chennai/chennai-flooded-2015-all-over-again-cyclonic-storm-michaung-to-blame-or-infrastructure-article-105728590|work=Times Now|date=4 December 2023|access-date=5 December 2023|archive-date=4 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204114100/https://www.timesnownews.com/chennai/chennai-flooded-2015-all-over-again-cyclonic-storm-michaung-to-blame-or-infrastructure-article-105728590|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{#section:Geography of Chennai|weatherbox}}