Editing Charles Wheatstone (section)

=== Cooperation with Cooke ===
[[File:Scientists.png|thumb|"Scientists". Photograph of (left to right): [[Michael Faraday]], [[Thomas Henry Huxley]], Charles Wheatstone, [[David Brewster]], [[John Tyndall]], published by [[Hughes & Edmonds]] in 1876]]
Cooke was an officer in the [[Madras Army]], who, being home on leave, was attending some lectures on anatomy at the [[University of Heidelberg]], where, on 6 March 1836, he witnessed a demonstration with the telegraph of professor [[Georg Wilhelm Munke|Georg Munke]], and was so impressed with its importance, that he forsook his medical studies and devoted all his efforts to the work of introducing the telegraph. He returned to London soon after, and was able to exhibit a telegraph with three needles in January 1837. Feeling his want of scientific knowledge, he consulted [[Michael Faraday]] and [[Peter Mark Roget|Peter Roget]] (then secretary of the [[Royal Society]]): Roget sent him to Wheatstone.

At a second interview, Cooke told Wheatstone of his intention to bring out a working telegraph, and explained his method. Wheatstone, according to his own statement, remarked to Cooke that the method would not act, and produced his own experimental telegraph. Finally, Cooke proposed that they should enter into a partnership, but Wheatstone was at first reluctant to comply. He was a well-known man of science, and had meant to publish his results without seeking to make capital of them. Cooke, on the other hand, declared that his sole object was to make a fortune from the scheme. In May they agreed to join their forces, Wheatstone contributing the scientific, and Cooke the administrative talent. The deed of partnership was dated 19 November 1837. A joint patent was taken out for their inventions, including the [[Cooke and Wheatstone telegraph|five-needle telegraph]] of Wheatstone,<ref>{{cite book | author = Beauchamp, Ken | title = History of Telegraphy | year = 2001 | publisher = Institution of Electrical Engineers | pages = 34–40 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ni7lDl3k5LwC&q=cooke+wheatstone&pg=PA30| isbn = 978-0852967928 }}</ref> and an alarm worked by a relay, in which the current, by dipping a needle into mercury, completed a local circuit, and released the detent of a clockwork.

The five-needle telegraph, which was mainly, if not entirely, due to Wheatstone, was similar to that of Schilling, and based on the principle enunciated by [[André-Marie Ampère|Ampère]] – that is to say, the current was sent into the line by completing the circuit of the battery with a make and break key, and at the other end it passed through a coil of wire surrounding a magnetic needle free to turn round its centre. According as one pole of the battery or the other was applied to the line by means of the key, the current deflected the needle to one side or the other. There were five separate circuits actuating five different needles. The latter were pivoted in rows across the middle of a dial shaped like a diamond, and having the letters of the alphabet arranged upon it in such a way that a letter was literally pointed out by the current deflecting two of the needles towards it.