Editing Charing Cross (section)

===Cross memorial===
{{Main|Queen Eleanor Memorial Cross}}

[[File:Charing Cross London from 1833 Schmollinger map.jpg|thumb|right|Area around Charing Cross {{c.}}1833]]
[[File:Westminster Met. B Ward Map 1916.svg|thumb|A map showing the Charing Cross ward of Westminster Metropolitan Borough as it appeared in 1916]]
The railway station opened in 1864, fronted on the Strand with the Charing Cross Hotel. In 1865, a replacement cross was commissioned from [[E. M. Barry]] by the [[South Eastern Railway (England)|South Eastern Railway]] as the centrepiece of the station forecourt. It is not a replica, being of an ornate [[Victorian era|Victorian]] [[Gothic architecture|Gothic design]] based on [[George Gilbert Scott]]'s Oxford [[Martyrs' Memorial]] (1838). The Cross rises {{convert|70|ft|m}} in three main stages on an octagonal plan, surmounted by a spire and cross. The shields in the panels of the first stage are copied from the [[Eleanor Crosses]] and bear the arms of England, [[Castile and León|Castile]], [[Castile and León|Leon]] and [[Ponthieu]]; above the 2nd parapet are eight statues of Queen Eleanor. The Cross was designated a [[listed building|Grade II*]] monument on 5 February 1970.<ref>{{NHLE |num=1236708 |desc=Queen Eleanor Memorial Cross |access-date=13 February 2009}}</ref> The month before, the bronze equestrian statue of Charles, on a pedestal of carved Portland stone, was given Grade I listed protection.<ref>{{NHLE |num=1357291 |desc=Statue of Charles I |access-date=13 February 2009}}</ref>

The rebuilding of a monument to resemble the one lost under Cromwell's low church Britain took place in 1864 in Britain's main era of medieval revivalism.<ref name=Yates2008/> The next year the memorial was completed and [[Cardinal Wiseman]] died, having been appointed the first [[Archbishop of Westminster]] in 1850, with many Anglican churches also having restored or re-created their medieval ornamentations by the end of the century. By this time England was the epicentre of the [[Gothic Revival]].<ref name=Yates2008>N. Yates, ''Liturgical Space: Christian Worship and Church Buildings in Western Europe 1500-2000'' (Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, 2008), p. 114,</ref> It was intertwined with deeply philosophical movements associated with a re-awakening of "High Church" or [[Anglo-Catholic]] self-belief (and by the Catholic convert [[Augustus Welby Pugin]]) concerned by the growth of religious nonconformism.<ref name=Yates2008/>

The cross, having been revived, gave its name to a [[Charing Cross railway station|railway station]], a [[Charing Cross tube station|tube station]], a police station, a [[Charing Cross Hospital|hospital]], a hotel, a [[Charing Cross Theatre|theatre]], and a [[Charing Cross Music Hall|music hall]] (which had lain beneath the arches of the railway station). [[Charing Cross Road]], the main route from the north (which became the east side of Trafalgar Square), was named after the railway station, itself a major destination for traffic, rather than after the original cross.<ref>[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=41110 ''Shaftesbury Avenue and Charing Cross Road''], ''[[Survey of London]]'': volumes 33 and 34: St Anne Soho (1966), pp. 296–312. Retrieved 3 March 2009</ref>