Editing Centrosome (section)

==Evolution==
The [[evolution]]ary history of the centrosome and the [[centriole]] has been traced for some of the signature genes — e.g., the [[centrins]].<ref name="pmid17977464"/> Centrins participate in [[calcium signaling]] and are required for centriole duplication.<ref>{{Cite journal
| pmid = 12176356
| year = 2002
| last1 = Salisbury | first1 = J. L.
| last2 = Suino
| last3 = Busby
| last4 = Springett
| title = Centrin-2 is required for centriole duplication in mammalian cells
| volume = 12
| issue = 15
| pages = 1287–1292
| journal = Current Biology
| doi = 10.1016/S0960-9822(02)01019-9 | first2 = K. M. | first3 = R. | first4 = M.
| s2cid = 1415623
| doi-access = free
}}</ref> There exist two main subfamilies of centrins, both of which are present in the early-branching [[eukaryote]] ''[[Giardia intestinalis]]''. Centrins have therefore been present in the common ancestor of eukaryotes. Conversely, they have no recognizable [[homology (biology)|homolog]]s in [[archea]] and [[bacteria]] and are thus part of the "eukaryotic signature genes". Although there are studies on the evolution of the centrins and centrioles,<ref name="pmid17977464"/><ref name="pmid19196504">{{Cite journal| first1 = W. F.
| title = Centriole evolution
| last1 = Marshall
| journal = Current Opinion in Cell Biology
| volume = 21
| issue =  1
| pages = 14–15
| year = 2009
| pmid =  19196504
| pmc =  2835302 
| doi = 10.1016/j.ceb.2009.01.008
}}</ref> no studies have been published on the evolution of the [[pericentriolar material]].

It is evident that some parts of the centrosome are highly diverged in the model species ''[[Drosophila melanogaster]]'' and ''[[Caenorhabditis elegans]]''. For example, both species have lost one of the centrin subfamilies that are usually associated with centriole duplication. ''Drosophila melanogaster'' mutants that lack centrosomes can even develop to morphologically normal adult flies, which then die shortly after birth because their sensory neurons lack [[cilia]].<ref name="pmid16814722"/> Thus, these flies have evolved functionally redundant machinery, which is independent of the centrosomes.