Editing Cartel (section)

== Cartel theory versus antitrust concept ==
The scientific analysis of cartels is based on [[cartel theory]]. It was pioneered in 1883 by the Austrian economist [[Friedrich Kleinwächter]] and in its early stages was developed mainly by German-speaking scholars.<ref>Holm Arno Leonhardt: The development of cartel theory between 1883 and the 1930s. Hildesheim&nbsp;2018.</ref> These scholars tended to regard cartels as an acceptable part of the economy. At the same time, American lawyers increasingly turned against [[trade restrictions]], including all cartels. The [[Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890|Sherman act]], which impeded the formation and activities of cartels, was passed in the United States in 1890. The American viewpoint, supported by activists like [[Thurman Arnold]] and [[Harley M. Kilgore]], eventually prevailed when governmental policy in Washington could have a larger impact in World War II.