Editing Carl Friedrich Gauss (section)

=== Family ===
[[File:Minna Gauß geb. Waldeck, 002.jpg|thumb|upright|Gauss's second wife Wilhelmine Waldeck]]
Gauss married Johanna Osthoff on 9 October 1805 in St. Catherine's church in Brunswick.{{sfn|Dunnington|2004|p=66}} They had two sons and one daughter: Joseph (1806–1873), Wilhelmina (1808–1840), and Louis (1809–1810). Johanna died on 11 October 1809, one month after the birth of Louis, who himself died a few months later.{{sfn|Wußing|1982|p=44}} Gauss chose the first names of his children in honour of [[Giuseppe Piazzi]], Wilhelm Olbers, and Karl Ludwig Harding, the discoverers of the first asteroids.{{sfn|Dunnington|2004|pp=77, 88, 93}}

On 4 August 1810, Gauss married Wilhelmine (Minna) Waldeck, a friend of his first wife, with whom he had three more children: Eugen (later Eugene) (1811–1896), Wilhelm (later William) (1813–1879), and Therese (1816–1864). Minna Gauss died on 12 September 1831 after being seriously ill for more than a decade.<ref>{{cite journal|first1=Florian |last1=Cajori|author-link1=Florian Cajori |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1626244 |title=Carl Friedrich Gauss and his children|journal=Science|volume= 9|issue=229|pages=697–704|date=19 May 1899 |publisher=American Association for the Advancement of Science|jstor= 1626244 |series=New Series |doi=10.1126/science.9.229.697 |pmid=17817224 |bibcode=1899Sci.....9..697C }}</ref> Therese then took over the household and cared for Gauss for the rest of his life; after her father's death, she married actor Constantin Staufenau.{{sfn|Dunnington|2004|p=374}} Her sister Wilhelmina married the orientalist [[Heinrich Ewald]].{{sfn|Dunnington|2004|p=206}} Gauss's mother Dorothea lived in his house from 1817 until she died in 1839.<ref name="scientificmonthly"/>

The eldest son Joseph, while still a schoolboy, helped his father as an assistant during the survey campaign in the summer of 1821. After a short time at university, in 1824 Joseph joined the [[Hanoverian army]] and assisted in surveying again in 1829. In the 1830s he was responsible for the enlargement of the survey network into the western parts of the kingdom. With his geodetical qualifications, he left the service and engaged in the construction of the railway network as director of the [[Royal Hanoverian State Railways]]. In 1836 he studied the railroad system in the US for some months.<ref name="Gerardy">{{Cite journal | last = Gerardy | first = Theo | title = C. F. Gauß und seine Söhne | journal = Mitteilungen der Gauß-Gesellschaft Göttingen | issue = 3 | pages = 25–35 | year = 1966 | language = de}}</ref>{{efn|On this journey he met the geodesist [[Ferdinand Rudolph Hassler]], who was a scientific correspondent of Carl Friedrich Gauss.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Gerardy | first = Theo | title = Geodäten als Korrespondenten von Carl Friedrich Gaus | journal = Allgemeine Vermessungs-Nachrichten | issue =84 | pages = 150–160 | year = 1977 | language = de}} p. 157</ref>{{sfn|Dunnington|2004|p=286}} }}

Eugen left Göttingen in September 1830 and emigrated to the United States, where he spent five years with the army. He then worked for the [[American Fur Company]] in the Midwest. He later moved to [[Missouri]] and became a successful businessman.<ref name="Gerardy" /> Wilhelm married a niece of the astronomer [[Friedrich Bessel|Bessel]];<ref>{{cite journal | author-last = Wolf | author-first = Armin | title = Der Pädagoge und Philosoph Johann Conrad Fallenstein (1731–1813) – Genealogische Beziehungen zwischen [[Max Weber]], Gauß und Bessel | journal = Genealogie | volume = 7 | year = 1964 | language = de | pages = 266–269}}</ref> he then moved to Missouri, started as a farmer and became wealthy in the shoe business in [[St. Louis, Missouri|St. Louis]] in later years.<ref>{{cite journal | author-last = Weinberger | author-first = Joseph | title = Carl Friedrich Gauß 1777–1855 und seine Nachkommen | journal = Archiv für Sippenforschung und alle verwandten Gebiete | volume = 43/44 | issue = 66 | year = 1977 | language = de | pages = 73–98}}</ref> Eugene and William have numerous descendants in America, but the Gauss descendants left in Germany all derive from Joseph, as the daughters had no children.<ref name="Gerardy" />

<gallery>
File:Joseph Gauß, 001.jpg|Joseph Gauss
File:Joseph Gauß, 003.jpg|Sophie Gauss née Erythropel<br>Joseph's wife
File:Minna Ewald geb. Gauß, 003.jpg|Wilhelmina Gauss
File:Ewald, Georg Heinrich August (1803-1875).jpg|[[Heinrich Ewald]]<br>Wilhelmina's husband
File:Eugen Gauß, 001.jpg|Eugen (Eugene) Gauss
File:Eugen Gauß, 003.jpg|Henrietta Gauss née Fawcett<br>Eugene's wife
File:Wilhelm Gauß, 002.jpg|Wilhelm (Charles William) Gauss
File:Wilhelm Gauß, 001.jpg|Louisa Aletta Gauss née Fallenstein<br>William's wife
File:Therese Staufenau geb. Gauß, 008.jpg|Therese Gauss
File:Therese Staufenau geb. Gauß, 010.jpg|Constantin Staufenau<br>Therese's husband
</gallery>