Editing Carillon (section)

===Range===
A carillon's [[range (music)|range]] is determined by the number of bells it has. The number of bells usually depends on funds available for the creation of the instrument: more money allows more bells to be cast, especially the larger, more costly ones. It is generally accepted that a carillon must have a minimum of 23 bells, or else it is called a [[chime (bell instrument)|chime]].{{sfnm|Rice|1914|1p=23|Rombouts|2014|2p=310|Brink|2017|3p=|"Organization." World Carillon Federation||4p=|"Carillon." ''Encyclopaedia Britannica''|5p=}} There is no standard pitch range for the carillon,{{sfn|Brink|2017}} so several subcategories are used to categorize them:

* Carillons with 23 to 27 bells and 35 to 39 bells are classified as two-octave and three-octave carillons, respectively. Players of these instruments often use music written specifically for the limited ranges.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Musical Instrument |publisher=[[The Guild of Carillonneurs in North America]] |url=https://www.gcna.org/carillon-instrument |access-date=2021-02-16 |url-status=live |archive-date=2021-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123212451/https://www.gcna.org/carillon-instrument}}</ref>
* A "concert" or "standard" carillon typically has 45 to 50 bells, or a range of about four octaves.{{sfn|Lehr|2005|p=60}}
* Carillons with more than 50 bells are often referred to as "great" or "grand" carillons.<ref>For example:
* {{cite magazine |last=Rodriguez |first=Susan T. |title=Metz Bicentennial Grand Carillon, Indiana University |magazine=[[Architect Magazine]] |date=2020-10-09 |url=https://www.architectmagazine.com/project-gallery/metz-bicentennial-grand-carillon-indiana-university_o |access-date=2021-05-17 |archive-date=2021-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119023909/https://www.architectmagazine.com/project-gallery/metz-bicentennial-grand-carillon-indiana-university_o |url-status=live |ref=none }}
* {{cite press release |last=LaRocca |first=Aaron |title=Netherlands Carillon to be Restored and Elevated to 'Grand Carillon' Status |date=2019-10-21 |publisher=[[National Park Service]] |url=https://www.nps.gov/gwmp/learn/news/netherlands-carillon-to-be-restored-and-elevated-to-grand-carillon-status.htm |access-date=2021-05-17 |archive-date=2021-06-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613192848/https://www.nps.gov/gwmp/learn/news/netherlands-carillon-to-be-restored-and-elevated-to-grand-carillon-status.htm |url-status=live |ref=none }}
* {{cite web |title=Millennium Carillon in Moser Tower & Visitor Center |publisher=Naperville Park District |url=https://www.napervilleparks.org/facilities/millenniumcarillon |access-date=2021-05-17 |archive-date=2021-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517125213/https://www.napervilleparks.org/facilities/millenniumcarillon |url-status=live |ref=none }}
* {{cite news |last=Harhen |first=Nora |title=Wait, the Campanile's Bells Aren't Automated? |work=[[The Daily Californian]] |date=2014-11-17 |url=https://www.dailycal.org/2014/11/07/wait-campaniles-bells-arent-automated/ |access-date=2021-05-17 |archive-date=2021-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517125213/https://www.dailycal.org/2014/11/07/wait-campaniles-bells-arent-automated/ |url-status=live |ref=none }}</ref>
* Carillons of 15 to 22 bells which were built before 1940 may be classified as "historical carillons" by the World Carillon Federation.{{sfn|"Organization." World Carillon Federation}}

<!--Keep these images paired as the second image caption references the first-->
[[File:Forty-Nine-Bell Carillon with B-flat in Bass Staff Notation.png|thumb|The range of a 49-bell carillon with a missing C{{music|sharp}} bell and additional B{{music|flat}} bell in the bass{{sfn|Brink|2017}}<ref name="Chesman quote">{{harvnb|Chesman|2015|p=3|ps=: "In general, the lowest C on the pedal would be [[tenor C]], that is, the second space on the [[bass clef]]."}}</ref>]]
[[File:Forty-Nine-Bell Carillon with B-flat in Bass Piano Keyboard.svg|thumb|upright=1.7|The same range as the above image represented on a piano keyboard (with [[Middle C]] marked in yellow)<ref name="Chesman quote"/>]]

The title of "world's largest carillon by number of bells" is shared between two instruments: the carillon of the [[Kirk in the Hills]] Presbyterian Church in [[Bloomfield Hills, Michigan]], US, and the carillon at the {{Interlanguage link|Daejeon Institute of Science and Technology|ko|대전과학기술대학교}} in [[Daejeon]], South Korea; both have 77 bells.{{sfn|Slater|2003|p=19|ps=: "The Kirk-in-the-Hills 77-bell carillon is famous as the carillon with the world's largest number of bells (bourdon 12,860 pounds [5,833&nbsp;kg], note G)."}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Carillon |website=Music Ministry |publisher=[[Kirk in the Hills]] |url=https://kirkinthehills.org/worship/music/ |access-date=2021-02-07 |url-status=live |archive-date=2021-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207165922/https://kirkinthehills.org/worship/music/}}</ref>

Since a carillon is seldom played in concert with other instruments, its bourdon may be any [[pitch (music)|pitch]]—whichever is advantageous for the location and funds available;{{sfn|Lehr|2005|p=59}} to simplify the writing and playing of music, keyboards often have a [[C (music)|C]]-compass. As a result, many carillons are [[transposing instrument]]s, especially those that are small, have many bells, or were constructed on limited funds.{{sfn|Lehr|2005|p=59}} The transposition can be anywhere from down a [[perfect fourth]] to up an octave.{{sfn|Brink|2017}} In North America, an increasing number of new carillons have been installed in concert pitch as a result of the desire to establish the carillon as a full-fledged concert instrument.{{sfn|Rombouts|2014|p=310}}

Many carillons, according to a C-compass, are missing the lowest [[C-sharp (musical note)|C{{music|sharp}}]] and [[E-flat (musical note)|E{{music|flat}}]] bells (equating to the second- and fourth-largest bells if they were included). The reason is often financial: by omitting these bells, the construction of a carillon can be reduced significantly, sometimes by 20 percent for large installations. Since the early 1900s, European installations will often reintroduce the E{{music|flat}} bell, and instead of adding the C{{music|sharp}} bell, they will include a [[B-flat (musical note)|B{{music|flat}}]] bell (which is a [[major second]] below the C-compass bell).{{sfn|Lehr|2005|p=59}}