Editing Canterbury (section)

=== 17th century–present ===
Canterbury remained an important city in the 17th century. [[Charles I of England|Charles I]] and [[Henrietta Maria]] visited in 1625; musicians played whilst the couple entered the city under a velvet canopy supported by six men holding poles.<ref>''HMC 9th Report: Canterbury'' (London, 1883), p. 163.</ref> In 1647, during the [[English Civil War]], riots broke out. The riots became known as the "Plum Pudding Riots".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.vaguelyinteresting.co.uk/canterburys-cancelled-christmas-and-the-plum-pudding-riots/ |title=Cancelled Christmas and the Plum Pudding Riots |access-date=7 December 2022 |archive-date=7 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207200005/https://www.vaguelyinteresting.co.uk/canterburys-cancelled-christmas-and-the-plum-pudding-riots/ |url-status=live|website=Vaguely Interesting|date=11 May 2017 }}</ref> The rioters' trial the following year led to a Kent revolt against Parliamentarian forces, contributing to the start of the [[Second English Civil War|second phase]] of the war. However, Canterbury surrendered peacefully to Parliamentarians at the [[Battle of Maidstone]].<ref>{{harvnb|Lyle|2002|p=109}}.</ref>

[[File:Canterbury castle - geograph.org.uk - 1270897.jpg|thumb|left|Canterbury Castle]]

By 1770, the castle had fallen into disrepair, and many parts of it were demolished during the late 18th century and early 19th century.<ref name="castle">{{cite web|author=Tatton-Brown, Tim |title=Canterbury Castle |publisher=Canterbury Archaeological Trust |url=http://www.canterburytrust.co.uk/schools/keysites/castle.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20100118163730/http://www.canterburytrust.co.uk/schools/keysites/castle.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 January 2010 |access-date=30 May 2008 }}</ref>  In 1787 all the gates in the city wall, except for [[Westgate, Canterbury|Westgate]]—the city jail—were demolished as a result of a commission that found them impeding to new coach travel.<ref>{{harvnb|Lyle|2002|p=110}}.</ref> [[Canterbury Prison]] opened in 1808 just outside the city boundary.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.hmprisonservice.gov.uk/prisoninformation/locateaprison/prison.asp?id=304,15,2,15,304,0 |publisher=HM Prison Service |place=UK |title=Canterbury |access-date=24 September 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216122822/http://www.hmprisonservice.gov.uk/prisoninformation/locateaprison/prison.asp?id=304%2C15%2C2%2C15%2C304%2C0 |archive-date=16 February 2008 }}</ref> By 1820 the silk weaving in the city had been supplanted by imported Indian [[muslin]]s<ref name="Lyle" /> and trade carried  out was thereafter largely of [[hops]] and [[wheat]].{{sfn|Godfrey-Faussett|1878|p=29}} The [[Canterbury & Whitstable Railway]] (The Crab and Winkle Way), the world's first passenger railway,<ref name="Butler11">{{harvnb|Butler|2002|p=11}}.</ref> was opened in 1830;<ref>{{citation | last=Ratcliffe | first=R.L. | title=Canterbury & Whitstable Railway 1830–1980 | publisher=Locomotive Club of Great Britain | year=1980 | isbn=978-0-905270-11-1 }}</ref> bankrupt by 1844, it was purchased by the [[South Eastern Railway (England)|South Eastern Railway]], which connected the city to its larger network in 1846.<ref>{{citation |last=White |first=H.P. |title=A Regional History of the Railways of Southern England |volume=II |date=1961 |pages=16–8 |location=London |publisher=Phoenix House }}</ref> The [[London, Chatham & Dover Railway]] arrived in 1860;{{sfn|Godfrey-Faussett|1878|p=28}} the competition and cost-cutting between the lines was resolved by merging them as the [[South Eastern & Chatham Railway|South Eastern & Chatham]] in 1899.<ref>{{citation |last=Awdry |first=Christopher |title=Encyclopaedia of British Railway Companies |location=Sparkford |publisher=Patrick Stephens |date=1990 |page=199 |isbn=978-1-8526-0049-5 }}</ref> Between 1830 and 1900, the city's population grew from 15,000 to 24,000.<ref name="Butler11" />

During the [[First World War]], barracks and voluntary hospitals were set up around the city. In 1917 a German bomber crash-landed near Broad Oak Road.<ref name="Butler">{{harvnb|Butler|2002|p=13}}.</ref> [[Mahatma Gandhi]] visited Canterbury in October 1931.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wikilivres.ca/wiki/Chronology_of_Mahatma_Gandhi's_life/England_1931 |title=Wikilivres |access-date=8 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706034851/https://www.wikilivres.ca/wiki/Chronology_of_Mahatma_Gandhi%27s_life/England_1931 |archive-date=6 July 2017 |url-status=usurped }}. wikilivres.ca. Retrieved on 25 August 2011.</ref><ref>[http://library.kent.ac.uk/library/special/html/specoll/GANDHI.HTM Special Collections – Library Services – University of Kent] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012054632/http://library.kent.ac.uk/library/special/html/specoll/GANDHI.HTM |date=12 October 2008 }}. Library.kent.ac.uk. Retrieved on 25 August 2011.</ref>
During the [[Second World War]], 10,445 bombs dropped during 135 separate raids destroyed 731 homes and 296 other buildings in the city, including the missionary college and [[Simon Langton Girls' Grammar School]].<ref>{{harvnb|Lyle|2002|p=127}}.</ref> 119 civilian people died through enemy action in the borough.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cwgc.org/find-a-cemetery/cemetery/4004161/canterbury,-country-borough/ |title=Cemetery Details |access-date=23 June 2019 |archive-date=23 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190623183107/https://www.cwgc.org/find-a-cemetery/cemetery/4004161/canterbury,-country-borough/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The most devastating raid was on 1 June 1942 during the [[Baedeker Blitz]].<ref name="Butler"/> Before the end of the war, the architect [[Charles Holden]] drew up plans to redevelop the city centre, but locals were so opposed that the Citizens' Defence Association was formed; it swept to power in the 1945 municipal elections. Rebuilding of the city centre eventually began 10 years after the war.<ref name="Butler14">{{harvnb|Butler|2002|p=14}}.</ref> A ring road was constructed in stages outside the city walls to alleviate growing traffic problems in the city centre, which was later pedestrianised. The biggest expansion of the city occurred in the 1960s, with the arrival of the [[University of Kent at Canterbury]] and [[Canterbury Christ Church University|Christ Church College]].<ref name="Butler14"/>

The 1980s saw visits from [[Queen Elizabeth II]], and the beginning of the annual [[Canterbury Festival]].<ref name="Butler15">{{harvnb|Butler|2002|p=15}}.</ref> Between 1999 and 2005, the [[Whitefriars Shopping Centre]] underwent major redevelopment. In 2000, during the redevelopment, a major archaeological project was undertaken by the [[Canterbury Archaeological Trust]], known as the Big Dig,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.canterburytrust.co.uk/archive/bigdig01.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090515185746/http://www.canterburytrust.co.uk/archive/bigdig01.html|url-status=dead|title=Canterbury Archaeological Trust: Previous articles: Big Dig|archivedate=15 May 2009}}</ref> which was supported by [[Channel Four]]'s ''[[Time Team]]''.<ref name="Butler16">{{harvnb|Butler|2002|p=16}}.</ref>