Editing Canberra (section)

=== Development throughout 20th century ===
[[File:Canberra Government House.jpg|thumb|Canberra's [[Government House, Canberra|Government House]], the official residence of the [[Governor-General of Australia]]]]
[[File:CSIRO ScienceImage 11612 Parliament House Canberra.jpg|thumb|The land-axis aligns [[Parliament House, Canberra|Parliament House]] (foreground) with [[Old Parliament House, Canberra|Old Parliament House]] (background) ]]
The Commonwealth government purchased the pastoral property of [[Government House, Canberra|Yarralumla]] in 1913 to provide an official residence for the Governor-General of Australia in the new capital.<ref name="Australiana Fund">{{cite web |title=Government House |url=https://www.theaustralianafund.org.au/houses/government-house.html |publisher=The Australiana Fund |access-date=2 May 2020 |archive-date=18 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418201114/http://www.theaustralianafund.org.au/houses/government-house.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Renovations began in 1925 to enlarge and modernise the property.<ref>{{cite web |title=Government House |url=https://www.gg.gov.au/about-governor-generalgovernor-generals-official-residences/government-house |publisher=Office of the Official Secretary to the Governor General |access-date=2 May 2020 |archive-date=10 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310144051/https://www.gg.gov.au/about-governor-generalgovernor-generals-official-residences/government-house |url-status=live}}</ref> In 1927, the property was officially dubbed Government House.<ref name="Australiana Fund"/> On 9 May that year, the Commonwealth parliament moved to Canberra with the opening of the [[Old Parliament House, Canberra|Provisional Parliament House]].{{sfn|Fitzgerald|1987|p=130}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://moadoph.gov.au/blog/witness-to-history-the-opening-of-the-provisional-parliament-house-in-1927/ |title=Witness to history: the opening of the Provisional Parliament House in 1927 |publisher=Museum of Australian Democracy at Old Parliament House |author=Museum of Australian Democracy at Old Parliament House |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513125119/http://moadoph.gov.au/blog/witness-to-history-the-opening-of-the-provisional-parliament-house-in-1927/ |date=12 April 2010 |archive-date=13 May 2013}}</ref> The [[Prime Minister of Australia|Prime Minister]] [[Stanley Bruce]] had officially taken up residence in [[The Lodge (Australia)|The Lodge]] a few days earlier.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/primeministers/bruce/spouse.aspx |title=Ethel Bruce – Stanley Melbourne Bruce – Australia's PMs – Australia's Prime Ministers |publisher=[[National Archives of Australia]] |access-date=23 April 2010 |archive-date=11 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211195353/http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/primeministers/bruce/spouse.aspx |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Wigmore|1971|p=101}} Planned development of the city slowed significantly during the [[Great Depression in Australia|depression]] of the 1930s and during World War&nbsp;II.{{sfn|Wigmore|1971|pp=125-128}} Some projects planned for that time, including [[Roman Catholicism in Australia|Roman Catholic]] and [[Anglican Church of Australia|Anglican]] cathedrals, were never completed.{{sfn|Gibbney|1988|pp=116-126}} (Nevertheless, in 1973 the Roman Catholic parish church of St. Christopher was remodelled into [[St. Christopher's Cathedral, Manuka]], serving the Archdiocese of Canberra and Goulburn. It is the only cathedral in Canberra.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.world-guides.com/australia-continent/australia/australian-capital-territory/canberra/canberra_churches.html |title=Canberra Churches and Cathedrals: Canberra, Australian Capital Territory - ACT, Australia |access-date=22 November 2021 |archive-date=29 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229075026/http://www.world-guides.com/australia-continent/australia/australian-capital-territory/canberra/canberra_churches.html |url-status=live}}</ref>)

From 1920 to 1957, three bodies — successively the [[Federal Capital Advisory Committee]],{{sfn|Fitzgerald|1987|p=115}} the [[Federal Capital Commission]],{{sfn|Fitzgerald|1987|p=128}} and the [[National Capital Planning and Development Committee]] — continued to plan the further expansion of Canberra in the absence of Griffin. However, they were only advisory and development decisions were made without consulting them, which increased inefficiency.<ref name=act/>{{sfn|Wigmore|1971|p=113}}

The largest event in Canberra up to World War II was the 24th Meeting of [[ANZAAS]] in January 1939. ''[[The Canberra Times]]'' described it as "a signal event ... in the history of this, the world's youngest capital city". The city's accommodation was not nearly sufficient to house the 1,250 delegates and a tent city had to be set up on the banks of the Molonglo River. One of the prominent speakers was [[H. G. Wells]], who was a guest of the Governor-General [[Alexander Hore-Ruthven, 1st Earl of Gowrie|Lord Gowrie]] for a week. This event coincided with a heatwave across south-eastern Australia during which the temperature in Canberra reached 108.5 degrees Fahrenheit (42.5 Celsius) on 11 January. On Friday, 13 January, the [[Black Friday bushfires]] caused 71 deaths in Victoria and Wells accompanied the Governor-General on his tour of areas threatened by fires.<ref>Stephen Wilks, "The visitation of 1939", ''The Canberra Times'', 29 June 2000, p. 11</ref>

Immediately after the end of the war, Canberra was criticised for resembling a village and its disorganised collection of buildings was deemed ugly.{{sfn|Sparke|1988|p=6}}{{sfn|Sparke|1988|pp=1-3}}{{sfn|Sparke|1988|pp=7-9}} Canberra was often derisively described as "several suburbs in search of a city".<ref>{{Cite book |first=A. E. |last=Minty |editor1-last=Ackermann |editor1-first=William C. |editor2-last=White |editor2-first=Gilbert F. |editor3-last=Worthington |editor3-first=E. B. |title=Man-Made Lakes: Their Problems and Environmental Effects |chapter=Lake Burley Griffin, Australia |page=804 |year=1973 |publisher=American Geophysical Union}}</ref> Prime Minister [[Sir Robert Menzies]] regarded the state of the national capital as an embarrassment.{{sfn|Sparke|1988|p=30}} Over time his attitude changed from one of contempt to that of championing its development. He fired two ministers charged with the development of the city for poor performance. Menzies remained in office for over a decade and in that time the development of the capital sped up rapidly.{{sfn|Sparke|1988|pp=31-32}}{{sfn|Sparke|1988|pp=103-104, 145, 188, 323}} The population grew by more than 50&nbsp;per&nbsp;cent in every five-year period from 1955 to&nbsp;1975.{{sfn|Sparke|1988|pp=103-104, 145, 188, 323}} Several Government departments, together with public servants, were moved to Canberra from Melbourne following the war.{{sfn|Wigmore|1971|pp=111-120}} [[Public housing in the Australian Capital Territory|Government housing]] projects were undertaken to accommodate the city's growing population.{{sfn|Gibbney|1988|pp=230-242}}

The [[National Capital Development Commission]] (NCDC) formed in 1957 with executive powers and ended four decades of disputes over the shape and design of [[Lake Burley Griffin]] — the centrepiece of Griffin's design — and construction was completed in&nbsp;1964 after four years of work.{{sfn|Sparke|1988|pp=130-140}} The completion of the lake finally laid the platform for the development of Griffin's [[Parliamentary Triangle, Canberra|Parliamentary Triangle]].{{sfn|Sparke|1988|pp=170-180}} Since the initial construction of the lake, various buildings of national importance have been constructed on its shores.{{sfn|National Capital Development Commission|1988|p=18}}
[[File:Parliament House, National Library of Australia, Canberra, 2023.jpg|thumb|Various civic landmarks line [[Lake Burley Griffin]]. Pictured is the [[National Library of Australia|National Library]] and [[Parliament House, Canberra|Parliament House]] (background)]]
The newly built [[Australian National University]] was expanded and sculptures as well as monuments were built.{{sfn|National Capital Development Commission|1988|p=18}}{{sfn|Sparke|1988|pp=173-174}} A new [[National Library of Australia|National Library]] was constructed within the Parliamentary Triangle, followed by the [[High Court of Australia|High Court]] and the [[National Gallery of Australia|National Gallery]].{{sfn|Sparke|1988|p=116}}{{sfn|Fitzgerald|1987|p=138}} Suburbs in [[Canberra Central]] (often referred to as [[North Canberra]] and [[South Canberra]]) were further developed in the&nbsp;1950s and urban development in the [[Suburbs of Canberra#Districts|districts]] of [[Woden Valley]] and [[Belconnen]] commenced in the mid and late 1960s respectively, followed by the district of [[Tuggeranong]] in the mid-1970s.{{sfn|Gibbney|1988|p=250}}{{sfn|Sparke|1988|p=180}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nca.gov.au/education/canberras-history/building-canberra-1958-1988# |title=Building Canberra from 1958-1988 |last= |first= |date= |website=www.nca.gov.au |publisher= |access-date=7 September 2024 |quote=}}</ref> Many of the new suburbs were named after Australian politicians such as [[Edmund Barton|Barton]], [[Alfred Deakin|Deakin]], [[George Reid|Reid]], [[Edward Braddon|Braddon]], [[John Curtin|Curtin]], [[Ben Chifley|Chifley]] and [[Henry Parkes|Parkes]].{{sfn|Universal Publishers|2007|p=6}}

On 9 May 1988, a larger and permanent Parliament House was opened on Capital Hill as part of Australia's bicentenary celebrations.<ref name=pho/>{{sfn|Fitzgerald|1987|p=138}} The Commonwealth Parliament moved there from the Provisional Parliament House, now known as Old Parliament House.<ref name=pho>{{cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/features/aph/page01.htm |title=Australian Parliament House – 10 Years On |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=5 May 1998 |access-date=23 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100418161119/http://www.abc.net.au/news/features/aph/page01.htm |archive-date=18 April 2010}}</ref>