Editing Campania (section)

====Norman to Angevin====
{{See also|Kingdom of Sicily|Kingdom of Naples|List of monarchs of Naples}}
[[File:Napoli Castel Nuovo Maschio Angioino, a seat of medieval kings of Naples and Aragon 2013.jpg|thumb|Early kings ruled from [[Castel Nuovo]]]]
After a period as a Norman kingdom, the [[Kingdom of Sicily]] passed to the [[House of Hohenstaufen|Hohenstaufens]], who were a powerful Germanic [[royal house]] of [[Swabia]]n origins.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://faculty.ed.umuc.edu/~jmatthew/naples/swabian.html|publisher=Faculty.ed.umuc.edu|title=Swabian Naples|date=7 October 2007|access-date=22 July 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090501071528/http://faculty.ed.umuc.edu/~jmatthew/naples/swabian.html|archive-date=1 May 2009}}</ref> The [[University of Naples Federico II]] was founded by [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]] in the city, the oldest state university in the world, making Naples the intellectual centre of the kingdom.<ref name="oldestuni">{{cite news|url=http://www.scholarshipnet.info/postgraduate/italy-phd-scholarships-in-various-fields-at-university-of-naples-federico-ii/|publisher=ScholarshipNet.info|title=Italy: PhD Scholarships in Various Fields at University of Naples-Federico II|date=7 October 2007|access-date=22 July 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130015326/http://www.scholarshipnet.info/postgraduate/italy-phd-scholarships-in-various-fields-at-university-of-naples-federico-ii/|archive-date=30 January 2009}}</ref> Conflict between the Hohenstaufen house and the [[Papacy]], led in 1266 to [[Pope Innocent IV]] crowning [[Capetian House of Anjou|Angevin Dynasty]] duke [[Charles I of Naples|Charles I]] as the king.<ref name = "dieli"/> Charles officially moved the capital from [[Palermo]] to Naples where he resided at the ''[[Castel Nuovo]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.planetware.com/naples/castel-nuovo-i-cm-ncn.htm|publisher=PlanetWare.com|title=Naples – Castel Nuovo|date=7 October 2007|access-date=22 July 2009|archive-date=18 May 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080518044615/http://www.planetware.com/naples/castel-nuovo-i-cm-ncn.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> During this period, much [[Gothic architecture]] sprang up around Naples, including the [[Naples Cathedral]], the main church of the city.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Bruzelius |first=Caroline |author-link=Caroline Bruzelius |title="ad modum franciae": Charles of Anjou and Gothic Architecture in the Kingdom of Sicily |issue=4 |pages=402–420 |journal=The Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians |volume=50 |jstor=990664|year=1991 |doi=10.2307/990664 }}</ref>

In 1281, with the advent of the [[Sicilian Vespers]], the kingdom split in half. The Angevin [[Kingdom of Naples]] included the southern part of the Italian peninsula, while the island of [[Sicily]] became the [[Crown of Aragon|Aragonese]] [[Kingdom of Sicily]].<ref name = "dieli"/> The wars continued until the [[peace of Caltabellotta]] in 1302, which saw [[Frederick III of Sicily|Frederick III]] recognised as king of the Isle of Sicily, while [[Charles II of Naples|Charles II]] was recognised as the [[List of monarchs of Naples|king of Naples]] by [[Pope Boniface VIII]].<ref name="dieli">{{cite news|url=http://www.dieli.net/SicilyPage/History/SicilianHist.html|publisher=Dieli.net|title=Sicilian History|date=7 October 2007|access-date=22 July 2009|archive-date=4 May 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090504185251/http://www.dieli.net/SicilyPage/History/SicilianHist.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Despite the split, Naples grew in importance, attracting [[Republic of Pisa|Pisan]] and [[Republic of Genoa|Genoese]] merchants,<ref>{{cite book |last=Constable |first=Olivia Remie |title=Housing the Stranger in the Mediterranean World: Lodging, Trade, and Travel |publisher=Humana Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y9H7mfxqs7UC&pg=PA209|isbn=1-58829-171-5|date=2002}}</ref> [[Tuscany|Tuscan]] bankers, and with them some of the most championed [[Italian Renaissance|Renaissance]] artists of the time, such as [[Giovanni Boccaccio|Boccaccio]], [[Petrarch]] and [[Giotto di Bondone|Giotto]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.naples-city.info/napoli/angioinoeng.htm|publisher=Naples-City.info|title=Angioino Castle, Naples|date=7 October 2007|access-date=22 July 2009|archive-date=29 September 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080929152952/http://www.naples-city.info/napoli/angioinoeng.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Alfonso V of Aragon|Alfonso I]] conquered Naples after his victory against the last [[Capetian House of Anjou|Angevin]] king, [[René I of Naples|René]], and Naples was unified for a brief period with Sicily again.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/spain/aragonexp.html|publisher=Zum.de|title=Aragonese Overseas Expansion, 1282–1479|date=7 October 2007|access-date=22 July 2009|archive-date=29 December 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081229072358/http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/spain/aragonexp.html|url-status=live}}</ref>