Editing Camp (style) (section)

=== Music ===
{{multiple image
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| image1            = Cher at Farewell Tour.JPG
| alt1              = Cher
| image2            = Madonna II B 3a (cropped).jpg
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| alt3              = Katy Perry
| footer            = Camp costuming worn by American pop singers [[Cher]], [[Madonna]], and [[Katy Perry]]
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American singer and actress [[Cher]] is one of the artists who received the title of "Queen of Camp" through her colourful on-stage fashion and live performances.<ref name="Sunday Mirror">{{cite web|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-343551795.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529072813/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-343551795.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2016-05-29|title=She's Reigned Pop Land since the 70s, She's the Queen of Camp, She Believes in Life after Love. She's Cher, and She's Still Fantastic|work=Sunday Mirror|access-date=2016-04-21}}</ref> She gained this status in the 1970s when she launched her [[variety show]]s in collaboration with the costume designer [[Bob Mackie]] and became a constant presence on American prime-time television.<ref name="The Telegraph">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/people/cher-is-love-magazine-cover-girl-at-69/|title=Cher is Love magazine's latest cover 'girl' at 69|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=24 July 2015 |access-date=2016-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118131220/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/people/cher-is-love-magazine-cover-girl-at-69/|archive-date=18 November 2018|url-status=live|last1=White |first1=Belinda }}</ref><ref name="NY Daily News">{{cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/nydn-features/cher-ishing-queen-camp-article-1.493616|title=Cher-ishing the Queen of Camp|work=Daily News|location=New York|access-date=2016-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171104172524/http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/nydn-features/cher-ishing-queen-camp-article-1.493616|archive-date=4 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Madonna]] is also considered camp and according to educator [[Carol Queen]], her "whole career up to and including ''[[Sex (book)|Sex]]'' has depended heavily on camp imagery and camp understandings of gender and sex".<ref name="Gnojewski">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JDGdVGWrjr8C&q=Madonna|title=Madonna: Express Yourself|first=Carol|last=Gnojewski|date=2007|access-date=March 31, 2022|publisher=[[Enslow Publishing]]|isbn=978-0-7660-2442-7|via=Google Books|page=114}}</ref> Madonna has also been named "Queen of Camp".<ref name="Madonna">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kHAKDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA216|title=Chapter 12, Camp, Androgyny, and 1990: Strike a Pose, Sontag and the Camp Aesthetic: Advancing New Perspectives|first1=Bruce E.|last1=Drushe|first2=Brian M.|last2=Peters|date=2017|access-date=March 31, 2022|publisher=[[Lexington Books]]|isbn=978-1-4985-3777-3|via=Google Books|page=216}}</ref>

In public and on stage, [[Dusty Springfield]] developed an image supported by her peroxide blonde [[Beehive (hairstyle)|beehive]] hairstyle, [[evening gown]]s, and heavy make-up that included her much-copied "panda eye" look.<ref name="britannica.com">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Dusty Springfield (British singer) – Encyclopædia Britannica |encyclopedia=Britannica.com |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/561395/Dusty-Springfield |access-date=17 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928030405/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/561395/Dusty-Springfield |archive-date=28 September 2013 |author=Peter Silverton |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://depthome.brooklyn.cuny.edu/isam/NewsletF05/RandallF05.htm|title=Dusty Springfield and the Motown Invasion|journal=Newsletter  |volume=35 |issue=1|publisher=Institute for Studies in American Music, Conservatory of Music, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York|author=Annie J. Randall|date=Fall 2005|access-date=17 August 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120625073452/http://depthome.brooklyn.cuny.edu/isam/NewsletF05/RandallF05.htm|archive-date=25 June 2012}}</ref><ref name="Laurense Cole 2008 p. 13">Laurense Cole (2008) ''Dusty Springfield: in the middle of nowhere'', Middlesex University Press. p. 13.</ref><ref>Charles Taylor (1997). ''Mission Impossible: The perfectionist rock and soul of Dusty Springfield'', Boston Phoenix.</ref><ref name="glbtq.com">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.glbtq.com/arts/springfield_d.html |title=Springfield, Dusty |encyclopedia=glbtq – An Encyclopedia of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer Culture |date=2005 |access-date=17 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120715000630/http://www.glbtq.com/arts/springfield_d.html |archive-date=15 July 2012}}</ref> Springfield borrowed elements of her look from blonde glamour queens of the 1950s, such as [[Brigitte Bardot]] and [[Catherine Deneuve]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D2mCQpLstCkC&q=%22Dusty!%20Queen%20of%20the%20Post%20Mods%22&pg=PA18|title=Dusty! : Queen of the Post Mods: Queen of the Post Mods|author=Annie J. Randall, Associate Professor of Musicology Bucknell University|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=2008|isbn=9780199716302|access-date=17 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116234822/https://books.google.com/books?id=D2mCQpLstCkC&lpg=PA18&dq=%22Dusty!%20Queen%20of%20the%20Post%20Mods%22&pg=PA18|archive-date=16 January 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="gulla">Bob Gulla (2007) ''Icons of R&B and Soul: An Encyclopedia of the Artists Who Revolutionized Rhythm'', Greenwood Publishing Group {{ISBN|978-0-313-34044-4}}</ref> This, her singing style and her sexuality made her a "camp icon" and won her a following in the gay community.<ref name="glbtq.com" /><ref name="gulla" /> Besides the prototypical female [[drag queen]], she was presented in the roles of the "Great White Lady" of pop and soul, and the "Queen of [[Mod (subculture)|Mods]]".<ref name="Laurense Cole 2008 p. 13" /><ref>Patricia Juliana Smith (1999) "'You Don't Have to Say You Love Me': The Camp Masquerades of Dusty Springfield", ''The Queer Sixties'' pp. 105–126, Routledge, London {{ISBN|978-0-415-92169-5}}</ref>

Rappers such as [[Lil' Kim]], [[Nicki Minaj]] and [[Cam'ron]] have all been described as camp, often because of the opulence and winking humour of their personas. [[Dapper Dan (designer)|Dapper Dan]] has been credited with introducing high fashion and camp to hip hop. In pop and rock, musicians [[Prince (musician)|Prince]] and [[Jimi Hendrix]] have also been called camp because of their flamboyance and playful use of artifice.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last=Newman |first=Scarlett |date=2019-05-03 |title=Who Are the Black Icons of Camp? |url=https://www.teenvogue.com/story/black-culture-and-camp |access-date=2024-08-10 |website=Teen Vogue |language=en-US}}</ref>

South Korean rapper [[Psy]], known for his viral internet music videos full of flamboyant dance and visuals, has come to be seen as a 21st-century incarnation of camp style.<ref name="Exploring Psy's">[https://www.rollingstone.com/music/blogs/thread-count/exploring-psys-digital-dandy-appeal-in-gangnam-style-20121003 "Exploring Psy's Digital Dandy Appeal In 'Gangnam Style' "] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140122062943/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/blogs/thread-count/exploring-psys-digital-dandy-appeal-in-gangnam-style-20121003 |date=22 January 2014}} (3 October 2012) ''Rolling Stone'' (retrieved 21 April 2013)</ref><ref name="Psy Unveils">{{citation |url=https://world.time.com/2013/04/13/psy-unveils-his-new-gentleman-video-and-dance-at-extravagant-seoul-concert/ |title=Psy Unveils His New 'Gentleman' Video and Dance at Extravagant Seoul Concert |magazine=Time |access-date=21 April 2013 |date=13 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130417091115/http://world.time.com/2013/04/13/psy-unveils-his-new-gentleman-video-and-dance-at-extravagant-seoul-concert/ |archive-date=17 April 2013 |url-status=live |last1=Rauhala |first1=Emily}}</ref> [[Geri Halliwell]] is recognized as a camp icon for her high camp aesthetics, performance style and kinship with the gay community during her time as a solo artist.<ref>{{cite web |title=Geri Horner talks Spice Girls, solo regrets and her kinship with the gay community |url=https://attitude.co.uk/article/interview-geri-horner-talks-spice-girls-solo-regrets-and-her-kinship-with-the-gay-community/13210/ |website=Attitude |date=5 January 2017 |access-date=10 January 2021 |archive-date=20 February 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210220085620/https://attitude.co.uk/article/interview-geri-horner-talks-spice-girls-solo-regrets-and-her-kinship-with-the-gay-community/13210/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Kelly |first1=Emma |title=Geri Horner threatened with assassination on stage by Admiral Duncan nail bomber |url=https://metro.co.uk/2020/12/11/geri-horner-threatened-with-assassination-on-stage-by-admiral-duncan-nail-bomber-13736621/ |website=Metro |date=11 December 2020 |access-date=10 January 2021}}</ref>

Dancer, singer and actress [[Josephine Baker]] has been described as ''camp.'' Her famous banana dress has been noted as particularly camp for its flamboyant, humorous and ironic qualities, as well as the way it makes a political point using outdated but reclaimed imagery.<ref>Francis, Terri Simone. ''Josephine Baker's Cinematic Prism''. Indiana University Press, 2021. p. x</ref><ref>Jules-Rosette, Bennetta. "Spectacular Dress: Africanisms in the Fashions and Performances of Josephine Baker, 1925–1975". In ''African Dress: Fashion, Agency, Performance.'' London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2013. pp.204-16.</ref><ref name=":23" />

[[Lady Gaga]], a contemporary exemplar of camp, uses music and dance to make [[social commentary]] on pop culture, as in the [[Judas (Lady Gaga song)|"Judas"]] music video. Her clothes, makeup, and accessories, created by high-end fashion designers, are integral to the narrative structure of her performances.<ref name="IddonMarshall2014">{{cite book|author=Stan Hawkins|editor1=Martin Iddon|editor2=Melanie L. Marshall|title=Lady Gaga and Popular Music: Performing Gender, Fashion, and Culture|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LpN8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA17|date=3 January 2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-07987-2|pages=17–18|chapter=I'll bring You Down, Down, Down'}}</ref> [[Katy Perry]] has also been described as camp, with outlets like ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]'' describing her as another "Queen of Camp".<ref name="Vogue2022">{{Cite magazine|last=Allaire|first=Christian|date=January 2, 2022|title=Katy Perry Is Still the Queen of Camp|url=https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/katy-perry-las-vegas-residency-camp-fashion|magazine=Vogue|access-date=January 3, 2022}}</ref>

The British tradition of the "[[Last Night of the Proms]]" has been said to glory in "nostalgia, camp, and pastiche".<ref>Compare:
{{citation |last=Miller |first=W. Watts |title=Reappraising Durkheim for the study and teaching of religion today |date=2002 |volume=92 |pages=38–39 |editor-last=Idinopulos |editor-first=Thomas A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TZt_hMv3OqQC |access-date=21 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602203649/http://books.google.com/books?id=TZt_hMv3OqQC |archive-date=2 June 2013 |url-status=live |series=Numen book series |contribution=Secularism and the sacred: is there really something called 'secular religion'? |publisher=Brill |isbn=9004123393 |quote=An English example of how the life has gone out of ''lieux de memoire'' concerns William Blake's hymn about the building of a New Jerusalem. it is still sung every year in London 's Albert Hall on the Last Night of the Proms. But it is in a fervor without faith. It brings tears to the eyes, only it is in a mixture of nostalgia, camp, 'post-modernism,' and pastiche. |editor2-last=Wilson |editor2-first=Brian C.}}</ref> ''Camp'' still forms a strong element in UK culture, and many so-called [[gay icon]]s and objects are chosen as such because they are camp, including musicians such as [[Elton John]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Armstrong |first=Robert |date=May 23, 2019 |title=Rock it, man — what Elton John teaches us about style |url=https://www.ft.com/content/e0b5072c-7bb1-11e9-81d2-f785092ab560 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/e0b5072c-7bb1-11e9-81d2-f785092ab560 |archive-date=10 December 2022 |access-date=12 July 2021 |work=[[Financial Times]]}}</ref> [[Kylie Minogue]], [[Lulu (singer)|Lulu]], and [[Mika (singer)|Mika]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2007}}

Musicologist Philip Brett has highlighted campness in the work of [[Benjamin Britten]] and has also argued for a camp reading of French composer [[Francis Poulenc]]'s ''Concerto for Two Pianos in D minor'', noting its combination of a Balinese [[gamelan]] with a sense of "musical resignation and longing".<ref name=":15" />

Musicologist Raymond Knapp has compared ''musical camp'' to jazz, especially in camp's playfulness and admiration for its subjects, which can seem mocking but often borders on veneration. He argues that musical camp draws attention to its performativity and inspirations, while engaging the audience interactively in the process of creating meaning.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Knapp |first=Raymond |title=Making light: Haydn, musical camp, and the long shadow of German idealism |date=2018 |publisher=Duke University Press |isbn=978-0-8223-7240-0 |location=Durham London |pages=164–165}}</ref>