Editing Calw (section)

== History ==
Calw was first mentioned in records in 1037.<ref name=EB1911>{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Calw}}</ref> In the 11th century, the town grew around the older castle of the ''{{lang|de|[[Graf]]en}}'' (Counts/Earls) of Calw. In the Middle Ages, Calw was an important commercial town, especially in the cloth and leather trades. In 1345, Calw became part of [[Württemberg]],<ref name=EB1911/> and by the 16th century, it had become the summer residence of the [[Duchy of Württemberg|Dukes of Württemberg]]. In the 18th century, Calw flourished from the lumber trade and rafting of timber on the river [[Nagold (river)|Nagold]].

[[File:Black Forest Autochrome 46 Calw.jpg|thumb|Calw in 1910.]]
In 1945, a small subcamp of [[Natzweiler-Struthof]] [[concentration camp]], where parts for aircraft were assembled by female Jewish forced laborers, was located here.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/full-listing-of-concentration-camps|title=Full Listing of Concentration Camps|website=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org}}</ref>

After the [[World War II]], Calw fell into the French zone of occupation and thus came to the newly founded state of Württemberg-Hohenzollern in 1947. In 1952, the provisional post-war state in the administrative region of South Württemberg-Hohenzollern merged and has since belonged to the new state of Baden-Württemberg.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}

The most prominent resident of Calw was the [[author]] and [[List of Nobel laureates in Literature|Nobel prize winner]] [[Hermann Hesse]].

The district reform of 1 January 1973 gave the district of Calw its current size. It became a part of the newly founded [[Northern Black Forest Region]], which itself was assigned to the administrative region of [[Karlsruhe (region)|Karlsruhe]]. On 1 January 1975, Calw was combined with the communities of Altburg, [[Hirsau]] and [[Stammheim, Calw|Stammheim]] into the town of Calw-Hirsau. On 1 January 1976, the combined municipality was renamed as Calw.

===Religious History===
{{unreferenced section|date=March 2022}}
Calw was originally part of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Speyer]]. From 1534, in Calw as in the rest of the Duchy of Württemberg, the Reformation took force. In 1555, Calw became the seat of a [[deanery]], which still exists today. The Deanery of Calw encompasses 43 congregations of the [[Evangelical-Lutheran Church in Württemberg]]. In the town of Calw there is the greater congregation of Calw, comprising the town-centre congregation (Calw Stadtkirche), the Bergkirche congregation of Wimberg/Alzenberg, and the Versöhnungskirche congregation of Heumaden, of which the last two came into existence only after the arrival of ''[[Heimatvertriebene]]'' after World War II. There are also congregations in the villages of Altburg, Hirsau, Holzbronn und Stammheim.

There is also a congregation of the [[United Methodist Church]], an independent Protestant church, in Calw.

In the 19th century, Catholics returned to Calw. In 1885–1886, they founded the parish of St. Josef, which later became the seat of a deanery within the diocese of Rottenburg (today [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Rottenburg-Stuttgart|Rottenburg-Stuttgart]]). The parish of St. Josef covers the entire territory of the town as well as several surrounding communities.

The [[New Apostolic Church]] is represented in Calw and in the villages or hamlets of Heumaden, Holzbronn, and .  A congregation of [[Seventh-day Adventists]] was founded in Calw in 1914.

===Population===
Populations within the town limits of Calw as defined for each date; the numbers are estimates or census results of the respective statistical agencies (by primary residence):

Data sources: census results (¹) or data from statistical offices
{|
|-
| valign="top" |
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year/Date
! Inhabitants
|-
| 1525 || style="text-align:right;"| approx 1,500
|-
| 1622 || style="text-align:right;"| 2,545
|-
| 1702 || style="text-align:right;"| 1,896
|-
| 1803 || style="text-align:right;"| 3,199
|-
| 1849 || style="text-align:right;"| 4,529
|-
| 1 December 1871 || style="text-align:right;"| 5,582
|-
| 1 December 1880 ¹ || style="text-align:right;"| 4,662
|-
| 1 December 1890 ¹ || style="text-align:right;"| 4,522
|-
| 1 December 1900 ¹ || style="text-align:right;"| 4,943
|-
| 1 December 1910 ¹ || style="text-align:right;"| 5,595
|-
| 16 June 1925 ¹ || style="text-align:right;"| 5,681
|-
| 16 June 1933 ¹ || style="text-align:right;"| 5,478
|-
| 17 May 1939 ¹ || style="text-align:right;"| 6,160
|}
| valign="top" |
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year/Date
! Inhabitants
|-
| 1946 || style="text-align:right;"| 6,795
|-
| 13 September 1950 ¹ || style="text-align:right;"| 7,416
|-
| 6 June 1961 ¹ || style="text-align:right;"| 9,690
|-
| 27 May 1970 ¹ || style="text-align:right;"| 13,075
|-
| 31 December 1975 || style="text-align:right;"| 21,561
|-
| 31 December 1980 || style="text-align:right;"| 23,165
|-
| 27 May 1987 ¹ || style="text-align:right;"| 21,018
|-
| 31 December 1990 || style="text-align:right;"| 22,668
|-
| 31 December 1995 || style="text-align:right;"| 23,709
|-
| 31 December 2000 || style="text-align:right;"| 23,357
|-
| 31 December 2005 || style="text-align:right;"| 23,828
|-
| 31 December 2010 || style="text-align:right;"| 23,230 <!-- Quelle: Statistisches Landesamt B-W. -->
|-
| 31 December 2015 || style="text-align:right;"| 23,232
|}
|}