Editing Cadenza (section)

==Notable examples==
{{More citations needed section|date = October 2012}}
[[File:Cadenza ad libitum - Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2 (Franz Liszt).gif|thumb|upright=1.5|''Cadenza [[ad libitum]]'' in Franz Liszt's [[Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2]]]]
*Concertos are not the only pieces that feature cadenzas; ''Scena di Canta Gitano'', the fourth movement of [[Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov]]'s ''[[Capriccio Espagnol]]'', contains cadenzas for [[French horn|horns]] and [[trumpet]]s, [[violin]], [[Western concert flute|flute]], [[clarinet]], and [[harp]] in its beginning section.
*[[Johann Strauss II]] unusually wrote a cadenza-like solo for cello and flute for the final section of his ''[[Kaiser-Walzer|Emperor Waltz]]'', before the piece is brought to an end by a round of trumpets and then the whole orchestra.<ref>{{cite book|last=Jacob|first=Heinrich Eduard|author-link=Heinrich Eduard Jacob|title=Johann Strauss – A Century of Light Music|publisher=Hutchinson|page=294|date=1940}}</ref>
*The second movement of [[Johann Sebastian Bach|Bach]]'s [[Brandenburg Concertos#Concerto No. 3 in G major, BWV 1048|third Brandenburg Concerto]] consists of just two chords; it is generally taken to indicate a cadenza to be improvised around that [[cadence (music)|cadence]].
*The first movement of Bach's [[Brandenburg Concerto No. 5|fifth Brandenburg Concerto]] features an extensive written cadenza for harpsichord.
*The coloratura arias of [[bel canto]] composers [[Gaetano Donizetti]], [[Vincenzo Bellini]], and [[Gioachino Rossini]].
*Mozart wrote the cadenzas for violin and viola duet in the first and second movements of the [[Sinfonia Concertante for Violin, Viola and Orchestra (Mozart)|''Sinfonia Concertante for Violin, Viola, and Orchestra'', K. 364]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}
*Mozart wrote a cadenza into the third and final movement of [[Piano Sonata No. 13 (Mozart)|Piano Sonata in B-flat major, K. 333]], which was an unusual (but not unique) choice at that time because the movement is otherwise in [[Sonata rondo form|sonata-rondo form]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}
*[[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]]'s [[Piano Concerto No. 5 (Beethoven)|"Emperor" Concerto]] contains a notated cadenza.<ref name="Grove"/> It begins with a cadenza that is partly accompanied by the orchestra. Later in the first movement, the composer specifies that the soloist should play the music that is written out in the score, and not add a cadenza on one's own.
* Beethoven famously included a cadenza-like solo for [[oboe]] in the [[recapitulation (music)|recapitulation]] section of the first movement of his [[Symphony No. 5 (Beethoven)|Symphony No. 5]].
*[[Tchaikovsky]]'s [[Piano Concerto No. 1 (Tchaikovsky)|first piano concerto]] is notable not only for having a cadenza within the first few minutes of the first movement, but also for having a ''second'' – substantially longer – cadenza in a more conventional place, near the end of the movement.
*[[Sergei Rachmaninoff|Rachmaninoff]]'s [[Piano Concerto No. 3 (Rachmaninoff)|Piano Concerto No. 3]], in which the first movement features a long and incredibly difficult [[toccata]]-like cadenza with an even longer alternative or [[ossia]] cadenza written in a heavier chordal style. Both cadenzas lead to an identical section with arpeggios in the piano and a solo flute accompanying, before the cadenza ends quietly.
*[[Fritz Kreisler]]'s cadenzas for the first and third movements of [[Beethoven]]'s [[Violin Concerto (Beethoven)|Violin Concerto]].
* [[Aaron Copland]] uses a cadenza in his [[Clarinet Concerto (Copland)|Clarinet Concerto]] to connect the two movements.
*[[Karlheinz Stockhausen]] composed five ensemble cadenzas in his wind quintet ''[[Zeitmaße]]'' (1955–1956),<ref>[[Jerome Kohl]], ''Karlheinz Stockhausen: Zeitmaße'', Landmarks in Music Since 1950, edited by Wyndham Thomas (Abingdon, Oxon; London; New York: Routledge, 2017): 89–121. {{ISBN|978-0-7546-5334-9}}.</ref> cadenzas for piccolo trumpet and piccolo in ''[[Samstag aus Licht#Scene 3: Luzifers Tanz|Luzifers Tanz]]'' (1983), and a cadenza for cor anglais in his trio ''[[Klang (Stockhausen)#Seventh Hour: Balance|Balance]]'' (2007)
* [[Karol Szymanowski]]'s two violin concertos both feature cadenzas written by the violinist who was intended to play them, [[Paweł Kochański]].
* In the third movement of [[Edward Elgar|Elgar]]'s [[Violin Concerto (Elgar)|Violin Concerto]], there is an unexpected cadenza in which the orchestra supports the solo with a pizzicato tremolando effect ("cadenza accompagnato").
* [[Franz Liszt]]'s [[Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2]] for piano contains the instruction ''cadenza [[ad libitum]]'' before the final coda, meaning it is at the pianist's discretion that such a cadenza is added.<ref name="Grove"/> Whilst most performers prefer to decline the invitation, some pianists such as [[Alfred Cortot]], [[Sergei Rachmaninoff]] and [[Marc-André Hamelin]] have produced notable cadenzas for the work.
* Pianists [[Chick Corea]] and [[Makoto Ozone]] incorporated jazz cadenzas into an otherwise traditional performance in Japan of the [[Piano Concerto No. 10 (Mozart)|Mozart Double Piano Concerto]].
* [[Rimsky-Korsakov]]'s [[Scheherazade (Rimsky-Korsakov)|Scheherazade]] features numerous cadenzas for violin.
* Mozart wrote a cadenza in his own [[Horn Concerto No. 3 (Mozart)|Horn Concerto No. 3]], towards the end of the first of three movements.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}
* [[Sergei Prokofiev]]'s [[Piano Concerto No. 2 (Prokofiev)|second piano concerto]] contains a taxing five-minute cadenza that closes out the [[Piano Concerto No. 2 (Prokofiev)#Andantino—Allegretto|first movement]].
* In [[Dmitri Shostakovich]]'s [[Cello Concerto No. 1 (Shostakovich)|first cello concerto]] the third movement on its own is a cadenza connecting the second and fourth movements.
* [[Carlos Chávez]]'s [[Violin Concerto (Chávez)|Violin Concerto]] has a seven-minute unaccompanied cadenza as the third of its five main sections, despite the fact that the soloist plays almost without a break throughout the rest of the 35-minute-long composition

===Composed cadenzas===
Composers who have written cadenzas for other performers in works not their own include:

*[[Carl Baermann]]'s cadenza for the second movement of [[Mozart]]'s [[Clarinet Concerto (Mozart)|Clarinet Concerto]].
* [[Ludwig van Beethoven]] wrote cadenzas for Mozart's [[Piano Concerto No. 20 (Mozart)|Piano Concerto No. 20 in D minor]]<ref name="Grove"/> first and third movements.
*[[Joseph Joachim]] wrote a cadenza for [[Johannes Brahms|Brahms]]'s [[Violin Concerto (Brahms)|Violin Concerto]].<ref name="Grove"/>
* [[Benjamin Britten]] wrote a cadenza for [[Haydn]]'s [[Cello Concerto No. 1 (Haydn)|Cello Concerto No. 1 in C]] for [[Mstislav Rostropovich]].
* David Johnstone wrote ''A Manual of Cadenzas and Cadences for Cello'', pub. Creighton's Collection (2007).<ref>"[http://www.creightonscollection.co.uk/index.html?Pages/scores/DJ/JM30BK.htm~mainFrame Manual of Cadenzas & Cadences]", ''Creighton's Collection''.</ref>
* [[Wilhelm Kempff]] wrote cadenzas for Beethoven's first four piano concertos.
* [[Clara Schumann]] wrote a cadenza for Beethoven's [[Piano Concerto No. 3 (Beethoven)|Piano Concerto No. 3]].
* [[Karlheinz Stockhausen]] composed cadenzas for two Mozart concerti for wind instruments (flute and clarinet), for [[Kathinka Pasveer]] and [[Suzanne Stephens]], respectively, and one cadenza each for the trumpet concertos by [[Trumpet Concerto (Leopold Mozart)|Leopold Mozart]] and [[Trumpet Concerto (Haydn)|Joseph Haydn]], for his son [[Markus Stockhausen|Markus]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}
* [[Richard Strauss]] wrote a vocal cadenza in 1919 for soprano [[Elisabeth Schumann]] to sing in Mozart's solo motet [[Exsultate, jubilate]]. This cadenza was sung by [[Kathleen Battle]] in her recording.<ref>{{cite web|last=Puritz|first=Gerd|title=Schumann and Strauss|url=http://www.elisabethschumann.org/biography/esandrichardstrauss.htm|work=Elisabeth Schumann, A Biography|publisher=Grant & Cutler Ltd, London|access-date=5 September 2012}}</ref>
* [[Friedrich Wührer]] composed and published cadenzas for Mozart's piano concerti in [[Piano Concerto No. 21 (Mozart)|C major]], K. 467; [[Piano Concerto No. 24 (Mozart)|C minor]], K. 491; and [[Piano Concerto No. 26 (Mozart)|D major]], K. 537.<ref>"[http://www.di-arezzo.co.uk/scores-of-Friedrich+Wuhrer.html Scores of Friedrich Wuhrer] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115151655/http://www.di-arezzo.co.uk/scores-of-Friedrich+Wuhrer.html# |date=2009-01-15 }}", ''Di-Arezzo.co.uk''.</ref>
* [[Sergei Rachmaninoff]] wrote a cadenza for Liszt's Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2 and was recorded playing the piece with this cadenza in 1919.<ref>{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srWOlCnY0K0 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/srWOlCnY0K0| archive-date=2021-12-11 |url-status=live|title=Rachmaninoff plays Liszt Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2 |publisher=YouTube |date=2007-07-27 |access-date=2014-02-28}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
* [[Alfred Schnittke]] wrote two cadenzas for Beethoven's [[Violin Concerto (Beethoven)|Violin Concerto]], of which the first includes musical quotations from violin concertos of [[Violin Concerto (Berg)|Berg]], [[Violin Concerto (Brahms)|Brahms]], Bartók (Concertos [[Violin Concerto No. 1 (Bartók)|No. 1]] and [[Violin Concerto No. 2 (Bartók)|No. 2]]), Shostakovich ([[Violin Concerto No. 1 (Shostakovich)|Concerto No. 1]]), as well as from Beethoven's [[Symphony No. 7 (Beethoven)|7th Symphony]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://media.proquest.com/media/pq/classic/doc/2844418011/fmt/ai/rep/NPDF?_s=MJ5ktUo1o1yo3Q7siUj1hLDQV%2FM%3D |title=An American Encounter with Polystylism: Schnittke's Cadenzas to Beethoven (Master's thesis)|author=Rapaport, Aaron |year=2012 |publisher=University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |access-date=19 July 2012}}</ref> Schnittke also wrote a cadenza for the first movement of Mozart's [[Piano Concerto No. 24 (Mozart)|Piano Concerto No. 24]] in 1975.
* [[Fritz Kreisler]] composed a half polyphonic cadenza for [[Violin Concerto (Beethoven)|Beethoven's Violin Concerto]].<ref>"http://classicalsheetmusicgratis.org/wp-content/uploads/KREISLER-Cadenzas-to-Beethoven-duplex-fold-out.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821203959/http://classicalsheetmusicgratis.org/wp-content/uploads/KREISLER-Cadenzas-to-Beethoven-duplex-fold-out.pdf |date=2016-08-21 }}.</ref>
* [[John Williams]] composed a 6-minute segment consisting of a cadenza, a series of variations, and a few more elaborations to go over the opening credits of the 1971 film ''[[Fiddler on the Roof (film)|Fiddler on the Roof]]'', performed by violinist [[Isaac Stern]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h745la-Lo1I |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/h745la-Lo1I| archive-date=2021-12-11 |url-status=live|title=Itzhak Perlman Fiddler on the Roof John Williams Los Angeles Philharmonic, Gustavo Dudamel, 30 09 14 (video)|date=23 January 2017|access-date=29 November 2017|publisher=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
* [[Alma Deutscher]] composed a cadenza for Mozart's [[Piano Concerto No. 8 (Mozart)|8th Piano Concerto]] when she was ten.<ref>"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bxUI4DeoWGg"</ref>
*[[David Popper]] composed a set of cadenzas for 5 different concertos ([[Joseph Haydn|Haydn's]] [[Cello Concerto No. 2 (Haydn)|Concerto No. 2 in D major, Op. 101]]; [[Camille Saint-Saëns|Saint Saëns']] [[Cello Concerto No. 1 (Saint-Saëns)|Cello Concerto No. 1 in A minor, Op. 33]]; [[Cello Concerto (Schumann)|Schumann's Cello Concerto in A minor, Op. 129]]; [[Robert Volkmann|Volkmann's]] Cello Concerto in A minor, Op. 33; and [[Bernhard Molique|Molique's]] Cello Concerto in D major, Op. 45).
*[[Émile Sauret]] wrote a cadenza for Paganini's [[Violin Concerto No. 1 (Paganini)|Violin Concerto No. 1]], Op. 6.