Editing CITES (section)

===Appendices===
Over 40,900 species, subspecies and populations are protected under CITES.<ref>{{cite web |title=The CITES species |url=https://cites.org/eng/disc/species.php |website=CITES.org |access-date=7 August 2022}}</ref> Each protected taxa or population is included in one of three lists called Appendices.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php|title=Appendices I, II and III|author=Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora|year=2013|access-date=13 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cites.org/eng/app/index.php|title=The CITES Appendices|author=Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora|access-date=13 September 2013}}</ref> The Appendix that lists a taxon or population reflects the level of the threat posed by international trade and the CITES controls that apply.

Taxa may be split-listed meaning that some populations of a species are on one Appendix, while some are on another. The [[African bush elephant]] (''Loxodonta africana'') is currently split-listed, with all populations except those of Botswana, Namibia, South Africa and Zimbabwe listed in Appendix I.  Those of Botswana, Namibia, South Africa and Zimbabwe are listed in Appendix II.  There are also species that have only some populations listed in an Appendix. One example is the [[pronghorn]] (''Antilocapra americana''), a ruminant native to North America. Its Mexican population is listed in Appendix I, but its U.S. and Canadian populations are not listed (though certain U.S. populations in Arizona are nonetheless protected under other domestic legislation, in this case the [[Endangered Species Act]]).

Taxa are proposed for inclusion, amendment or deletion in Appendices I and II at meetings of the Conference of the Parties (CoP), which are held approximately once every three years.<ref name="CITES-Calendar">{{cite web|url=http://www.cites.org/eng/news/calendar.php |title=CITES Calendar |publisher=CITES|work=cites.org |access-date=13 February 2012}}</ref> Amendments to listing in Appendix III may be made unilaterally by individual parties.<ref>{{cite web |title=CITES Resolution Conf. 9.25 Implementation of the Convention for species in Appendix III |url=https://cites.org/sites/default/files/document/E-Res-09-25-R18.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119115427/https://cites.org/sites/default/files/document/E-Res-09-25-R18.pdf |archive-date=2022-01-19 |url-status=live |website=CITES.org}}</ref>

====Appendix I====
Appendix I taxa are those that are threatened with [[extinction]] and to which the highest level of CITES protection is afforded. Commercial trade in wild-sourced specimens of these taxa is not permitted and non-commercial trade is strictly controlled by requiring an import permit and export permit to be granted by the relevant Management Authorities in each country before the trade occurs.

Notable taxa listed in Appendix I include the [[red panda]] (''Ailurus fulgens''), [[western gorilla]] (''Gorilla gorilla''), the [[Pan (genus)|chimpanzee]] species (''Pan spp.''), [[tiger]]s (''Panthera tigris'' sp.), [[Asian elephant]] (''Elephas maximus''), [[snow leopard]] (''Panthera uncia''), [[red-shanked douc]] (''Pygathrix nemaeus''), some populations of [[African bush elephant]] (''Loxodonta africana''),{{efn|CITES treats the [[African forest elephant]] as a subspecies of ''L. africana'' and thus protected under Appendix I; most authorities now classify the forest elephant as a separate species, ''L. cyclotis''.}} and the [[monkey puzzle tree]] (''Araucaria araucana'').<ref name="CITES-Appendices">{{cite web|title=Appendices I, II and III |url=http://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php|publisher=CITES |work=cites.org |access-date=13 February 2012}}</ref>

====Appendix II====
Appendix II taxa are those that are not necessarily threatened with extinction, but trade must be controlled in order to avoid utilization incompatible with their survival. Appendix II taxa may also include species similar in appearance to species already listed in the Appendices. The vast majority of taxa listed under CITES are listed in Appendix II.<ref>{{cite web |title=The CITES species |url=https://cites.org/eng/disc/species.php |website=CITES.org |access-date=11 August 2022}}</ref> Any trade in Appendix II taxa standardly requires a CITES export permit or re-export certificate to be granted by the Management Authority of the exporting country before the trade occurs.

Examples of taxa listed on Appendix II are the [[great white shark]] (''Carcharodon carcharias''), the [[American black bear]] (''Ursus americanus''), [[Hartmann's mountain zebra]] (''Equus zebra hartmannae''), [[green iguana]] (''Iguana iguana''), [[queen conch]] (''Strombus gigas''), [[emperor scorpion]] (''Pandinus imperator''), [[Mertens' water monitor]] (''Varanus mertensi''), bigleaf mahogany (''[[Swietenia macrophylla]]''), [[lignum vitae]] (''Guaiacum officinale''), the [[chambered nautilus]] (''Nautilus pompilius''), all [[stony corals]] (''Scleractinia'' spp.), [[Jungle cat]] (''Felis chaus'') and [[American ginseng]] (''Panax quinquefolius'').

====Appendix III====
Appendix III species are those that are protected in at least one country, and that country has asked other CITES Parties for assistance in controlling the trade.
Any trade in Appendix III species standardly requires a CITES export permit (if sourced from the country that listed the species) or a certificate of origin (from any other country) to be granted before the trade occurs.

Examples of species listed on Appendix III and the countries that listed them are the [[Hoffmann's two-toed sloth]] (''Choloepus hoffmanni'') by Costa Rica, [[sitatunga]] (''Tragelaphus spekii'') by [[Ghana]] and [[African civet]] (''Civettictis civetta'') by Botswana.