Editing Bromeliaceae (section)

===Subfamilies===
The family Bromeliaceae is organized into eight subfamilies:<ref name=":0">{{cite journal|last1=Givnish|first1=Thomas|last2=Millam|first2=Kendra|last3=Berry|first3=Paul|last4=Sytsma|first4=Kenneth|title=Phylogeny, Adaptive Radiation, and Historical Biogeography of Bromeliaceae Inferred from ndhF Sequence Data|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237426562|journal=Aliso|volume=23|issue=1|year=2007|pages=3–26|issn=2327-2929|doi=10.5642/aliso.20072301.04|doi-access=free}}</ref>

*[[Brocchinioideae]]
*[[Lindmanioideae]]
*[[Tillandsioideae]]
*[[Hechtioideae]]
*[[Navioideae]]
*[[Pitcairnioideae]]
*[[Puyoideae]]
*[[Bromelioideae]]

Bromeliaceae were originally split into three subfamilies based on morphological seed characters: Bromelioideae (seeds in [[Berry|baccate]] fruits), Tillandsioideae (plumose seeds), and Pitcairnioideae (seeds with wing-like appendages).<ref>{{Cite book |title = Flora Neotropica: Monograph 14 |vauthors=Smith LB, Downs RJ |date = 1974|editor= New York Botanical Garden |volume=2 |publisher=Hafner Press |location=New York}}</ref> However, molecular evidence has revealed that while Bromelioideae and Tillandsioideae are monophyletic, Pitcairnioideae as traditionally defined is [[Paraphyly|paraphyletic]]<ref>{{Cite journal|url =http://repository.uwyo.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1010&context=botany_facpub |title = Examination of subfamilial phylogeny in Bromeliaceae using comparative sequencing of the plastid locus ndhF|last = Terry|first = Randall|date = 1997|journal = American Journal of Botany|doi = 10.2307/2445903|pmid =21708619|volume=84|issue = 5|pages = 664–670|jstor = 2445903|hdl = 20.500.11919/753|hdl-access = free}}</ref> and should be split into six subfamilies: Brocchinioideae, Lindmanioideae, Hechtioideae, Navioideae, Pitcairnioideae, and Puyoideae.<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Genetics, evolution and conservation of Bromeliaceae|last = Zanella|first = Camila|date = 2012|journal = Genetics and Molecular Biology|doi = 10.1590/s1415-47572012000600017|pmid = 23412953|volume=35|issue = 4 suppl 1|pages=1020–1026|pmc = 3571438}}</ref>

Brocchinioideae is defined as the most basal branch of Bromeliaceae based on both morphological and molecular evidence, namely genes in chloroplast DNA.<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Molecular phylogenetics of Bromeliaceae: evidence from trnL (UAA) intron sequences of the chloroplast genome|last = Horres|first = Ralf|date = 2000|journal = Plant Biology|doi =10.1055/s-2000-3700|volume=2|issue = 3|pages=306–315}}</ref>

Lindmanioideae is the next most basal branch distinguished from the other subfamilies by convolute sepals and chloroplast DNA.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|url = http://repository.uwyo.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1011&context=botany_facpub|title = Phylogeny, adaptive radiation, and historical biogeography in Bromeliaceae: insights from an eight-locus plastid phylogeny|last = Givnish|first = Thomas|date = 2011|journal = American Journal of Botany|doi = 10.3732/ajb.1000059 |pmid =21613186|volume=98|issue = 5|pages=872–895|hdl = 2027.42/142109|hdl-access = free}}</ref>

Hechtioideae is also defined based on analyses of chloroplast DNA; similar morphological adaptations to arid environments also found in other groups (namely the genus ''[[Puya (plant)|Puya]])'' are attributed to [[convergent evolution]].<ref name=":0" />

Navioideae is split from Pitcairnioideae based on its cochlear sepals and chloroplast DNA.<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Multiple origins of crassulacean acid metabolism and the epiphytic habit in the Neotropical family Bromeliaceae|last = Crayn|first = Darren|date = 2004|journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|doi = 10.1073/pnas.0400366101 |pmid =14982989|volume=101|issue = 10|pages=3703–3708|pmc =373526|bibcode = 2004PNAS..101.3703C|doi-access = free}}</ref>

Puyoideae has been re-classified multiple times and its monophyly remains controversial according to analyses of chloroplast DNA.<ref name=":1" />