Editing Biomedical engineering (section)

=== Tissue engineering ===
{{Main|Tissue engineering}}

Tissue engineering, like genetic engineering (see below), is a major segment of [[biotechnology]] – which overlaps significantly with BME.

One of the goals of tissue engineering is to create artificial organs (via biological material) such as kidneys, livers, for patients that need organ transplants. Biomedical engineers are currently researching methods of creating such organs. Researchers have grown solid [[Human jawbone|jawbones]]<ref name = BBC>{{cite news | title = Jaw bone created from stem cells | date = October 10, 2009 | access-date = 11 October 2009 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/8290138.stm | publisher = BBC News | archive-date = 11 October 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091011100922/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/8290138.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> and [[Vertebrate trachea|tracheas]]<ref>[[Thorsten Walles|Walles T]]. Tracheobronchial bio-engineering: biotechnology fulfilling unmet medical needs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2011; 63(4–5): 367–74.</ref> from human stem cells towards this end. Several [[artificial urinary bladder]]s have been grown in laboratories and transplanted successfully into human patients.<ref name="cnngrow">{{cite news | url = http://www.cnn.com/2006/HEALTH/conditions/04/03/engineered.organs/index.html | title = Doctors grow organs from patients' own cells | publisher = CNN| date = April 3, 2006 | access-date = October 2, 2006 | archive-date = May 25, 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170525073410/http://www.cnn.com/2006/HEALTH/conditions/04/03/engineered.organs/index.html | url-status = live }}</ref> Bioartificial organs, which use both synthetic and biological component, are also a focus area in research, such as with hepatic assist devices that use liver cells within an artificial bioreactor construct.<ref name="chicagoliver">[http://www.uchospitals.edu/news/1999/19990225-elad.html Trial begins for first artificial liver device using human cells] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110105063712/http://www.uchospitals.edu/news/1999/19990225-elad.html |date=2011-01-05 }}, [[University of Chicago]], February 25, 1999</ref>

[[File:Alcian stain micromass.jpg|right|thumb|Micromass cultures of C3H-10T1/2 cells at varied oxygen tensions stained with [[Alcian blue]]]]