Editing Biomechanics (section)

=== Computational biomechanics ===
Computational biomechanics is the application of engineering computational tools, such as the [[finite element method]] to study the mechanics of biological systems. [[Computational model]]s and [[Computer simulation|simulations]] are used to predict the relationship between parameters that are otherwise challenging to test experimentally, or used to design more relevant experiments reducing the time and costs of experiments. Mechanical modeling using finite element analysis has been used to interpret the experimental observation of plant cell growth to understand how they differentiate, for instance.<ref name="Bidhendi2018" /> In medicine, over the past decade, the finite element method has become an established alternative to [[in vivo]] surgical assessment. One of the main advantages of computational biomechanics lies in its ability to determine the endo-anatomical response of an anatomy, without being subject to ethical restrictions.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tsouknidas |first=Alexander |last2=Savvakis |first2=Savvas |last3=Asaniotis |first3=Yiannis |last4=Anagnostidis |first4=Kleovoulos |last5=Lontos |first5=Antonios |last6=Michailidis |first6=Nikolaos |date=November 2013 |title=The effect of kyphoplasty parameters on the dynamic load transfer within the lumbar spine considering the response of a bio-realistic spine segment |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0268003313002192 |journal=Clinical Biomechanics |language=en |volume=28 |issue=9-10 |pages=949–955 |doi=10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2013.09.013}}</ref> This has led finite element modeling (or other discretization techniques) to the point of becoming ubiquitous in several fields of biomechanics while several projects have even adopted an open source philosophy (e.g., BioSpine).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.ucbmsh.org/department/computational-biomechanics|title=Computational Biomechanics – BLOGS|access-date=26 October 2021|archive-date=4 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404153131/https://blog.ucbmsh.org/department/computational-biomechanics|url-status=dead}}</ref> 

Computational biomechanics is an essential ingredient in surgical simulation, which is used for surgical planning, assistance, and training. In this case, numerical (discretization) methods are used to compute, as fast as possible, a system's response to boundary conditions such as forces, heat and mass transfer, and electrical and magnetic stimuli.