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===Cityscape=== [[File:Confluence Park.jpg|right|thumb|225px|Confluence Park, facing west toward the confluence of the [[Susquehanna River|Susquehanna]] (left) and [[Chenango River|Chenango]] (right) rivers]] According to the [[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]], the city has an area of {{convert|11.14|sqmi|km2}}, of which {{convert|10.49|sqmi|km2}} is land and {{convert|0.65|sqmi|km2}} (5.83%) is water.<ref name="GR8" /> Binghamton, like all of the [[Southern Tier]] of New York, lies on the [[Allegheny Plateau]]; hence its hilly terrain. As such, elevations can vary in the city--[[Downtown Binghamton|Downtown]], for example, is at an elevation of around 860 feet (262 meters), while residential homes in the hills can go up to over 1,800 feet (548 meters), such as on Ingram Hill. The highest peak in Binghamton is Table Rock Ridge, which is at 1,854 feet.<ref>{{cite web |title=Broome County NY Peaks List |url=https://listsofjohn.com/searchres?c=418 |access-date=December 31, 2020 |website=listsofjohn.com |archive-date=May 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503045018/https://listsofjohn.com/searchres?c=418 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Downtown area sits at the confluence of the [[Chenango River|Chenango]] and [[Susquehanna River|Susquehanna]] Rivers, in the middle of a long but relatively narrow valley.<ref name="valleygeography" /> The north branch of the [[Susquehanna River]] passes south of downtown. This branch rises in eastern New York and receives a number of tributaries above Binghamton. In the center of the city, the [[Chenango River]] feeds into the Susquehanna from the north at Confluence Park. The Binghamton River Trail, a 1.5 mile trail along the Chenango, runs between Cheri Lindsey Park on the Northside and Confluence Park in Downtown.<ref>{{cite web |title=Binghamton River Trail |url=https://visitbinghamton.org/listings/binghamton-river-trail/ |access-date=December 31, 2020 |website=Binghamton Convention and Visitors Bureau |language=en-US |archive-date=January 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121014146/https://visitbinghamton.org/listings/binghamton-river-trail/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Eleven bridges span the rivers inside city limits. Broome County has 17.5 miles of [[levee]]s, many of which are in Binghamton.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bupipedream.com/feature/news/86291/outdated-fema-flood-maps-leave-broome-county-residents-in-limbo/ |title=Outdated FEMA flood maps leave Broome County residents in limbo |date=October 9, 2017 |work=Pipe Dream |access-date=October 29, 2018 |archive-date=October 30, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181030035511/https://www.bupipedream.com/feature/news/86291/outdated-fema-flood-maps-leave-broome-county-residents-in-limbo/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Major floods have occurred in 1865, 1935, 1936, [[Mid-Atlantic United States flood of 2006|2006]], and [[Tropical Storm Lee (2011)|2011]].<ref name="broomehist" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Top Ten Highest Historical Crests: Susquehanna River at Binghamton |url=http://www.erh.noaa.gov/marfc/Rivers/FloodClimo/Top_Flood_Crests/Nbs/Binghamton-NBS-Top10-Table.pdf |work=North Branch Susquehanna River Basins |publisher=National Weather Service, Mid Atlantic River Forecast Center |access-date=September 1, 2013 |date=December 31, 2012 |archive-date=January 14, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114090138/http://www.erh.noaa.gov/marfc/Rivers/FloodClimo/Top_Flood_Crests/Nbs/Binghamton-NBS-Top10-Table.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=History of Flooding |url=http://www.srbc.net/flood_forecasting/history_of_flooding.htm |work=Flood Forecast & Warning in the Susquehanna River Basin |publisher=Susquehanna River Basin Commission |access-date=August 31, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112035132/http://www.srbc.net/flood_forecasting/history_of_flooding.htm |archive-date=November 12, 2013}}</ref> The incorporation of Binghamton united various communities on both shores of the two rivers. The majority of the city's population and development lies along the rolling terrain nearest the riverbanks with sparse development in the hills that define the city limits. The old city was laid out on a grid system by Joshua Whitney, Jr.,<ref name="broomehist" /> but as development spread to the outer regions of the city and merged with other settlements, several grids were eventually juxtaposed against each other. In the Southside, the grid breaks down, as more curvilinear roads make up the predominantly residential areas along the hills. [[File:Binghamton Security Mutual Building.jpg|thumb|upright|The [[Beaux-Arts architecture|Beaux-Arts]] Security Mutual Life Building (1905)]] The city was the traditional economic center of the region and is home to several historic districts. The [[Railroad Terminal Historic District (Binghamton, New York)|Railroad Terminal Historic District]] consists of several factories and buildings along the railroad line in the northern limits of downtown.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=769 |title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: Railroad Terminal Historic District |date=January 1986 |access-date=August 31, 2013 |last=Peckham |first=Mark |publisher=[[New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113022456/http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=769 |archive-date=November 13, 2013}}</ref> Over 1,000 properties on the West Side contribute to the [[Abel Bennett Tract Historic District]], mainly made up of residential properties along Riverside Drive.<ref name="nrhpinv_ny">{{cite web |url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=102474 |title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: Abel Bennett Tract Historic District |access-date=August 31, 2013 |publisher=[[New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113021452/http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=102474 |archive-date=November 13, 2013}}</ref> Downtown's [[State Street-Henry Street Historic District]] consists of several older low-rise buildings.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=784 |title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: State Street-Henry Street Historic District |date=December 1985 |access-date=August 31, 2013 |last=Peckham |first=Mark |publisher=[[New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113022524/http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=784 |archive-date=November 13, 2013}}</ref> The [[Court Street Historic District (Binghamton, New York)|Court Street Historic District]] has some of the city's most notable architecture, including the Press Building and Security Mutual Building, early 20th century high rises, and the [[Broome County Courthouse]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=788 |title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: Court Street Historic District |date=July 1984 |access-date=August 31, 2013 |last=Peckham |first=Mark |publisher=[[New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928133941/http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=788 |archive-date=September 28, 2012}}</ref> The Press Building was the tallest building in Binghamton until the completion of the State Office Building in [[Government Plaza, Binghamton|Government Plaza]], which remains the tallest in the city.<ref>{{cite web |title=Binghamton State Office Building Facts |url=http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building.php?building_id=12349 |access-date=August 31, 2013 |year=2013 |work=The Skyscraper Center |publisher=Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113015621/http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building.php?building_id=12349 |archive-date=November 13, 2013}}</ref> Away from downtown, most of the buildings are single- and multi-family dwellings, along with low-rise business buildings lining commercial arteries. Along the railroad corridors, several factories, mostly abandoned, rise above the otherwise-uniform landscape. [[New York State Route 17C|Main Street]] runs through the West Side, and continues west to serve as Main Street in the villages of [[Johnson City, New York|Johnson City]] and [[Endicott, New York|Endicott]]. On the east side of the Chenango River, the road becomes [[U.S. Route 11 in New York|Court Street]], the major east–west artery in downtown and the East Side.
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