Editing Bergen (section)

==Climate==
[[File:Bergen vågsallmenningen rain.jpg|thumb|left|Bergen on a rainy day]]
Bergen has an [[oceanic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Cfb'', [[Trewartha climate classification|Trewartha]]: ''Dolk''), with mild summers and cool winters. Rainfall is plentiful in all seasons, along with intermittent snowfall during winter, which often melts quickly. The exceptionally plentiful precipitation that defines the city is caused by [[orographic lift]], sometimes causing more than two months of consecutive rainy days.<ref name="nedboersrekord">{{Cite web |last=ANB-NTB |year=2007 |title=Stopp for nedbørsrekord |url=http://www.siste.no/Innenriks/var_og_uvar/article2537456.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015155849/http://www.siste.no/Innenriks/var_og_uvar/article2537456.ece |archive-date=15 October 2007 |access-date=9 October 2007 |publisher=siste.no |language=no}}</ref> The city is therefore considered the rainiest city in Europe, although it is not the wettest "place" on the continent.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Meze-Hausken |first=Elisabeth |date=October 2007 |title=Seasons in the sun—weather and climate front-page news stories in Europe's rainiest city, Bergen, Norway |journal=International Journal of Biometeorology |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=17–31 |bibcode=2007IJBm...52...17M |doi=10.1007/s00484-006-0064-5 |issn=1432-1254 |pmid=17245564 |s2cid=29081365 |hdl-access=free |hdl=1956/2114}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The rainiest city in Europe. Allegedly. |url=https://eugene.kaspersky.com/2014/07/02/the-rainiest-city-in-europe-bergen-norway/ |access-date=12 March 2019 |website=eugene.kaspersky.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europe and the United Kingdom Average Yearly Annual Precipitation |url=https://www.eldoradoweather.com/forecast/climate/climate-maps/europe-annual-precip-map.html |access-date=12 March 2019 |website=www.eldoradoweather.com}}</ref>

Bergen's weather is much warmer than the city's latitude (60.4° N) might suggest. Temperatures below −10&nbsp;°C (14&nbsp;°F) are rare. Summer temperatures sometimes reach the upper 20s, although temperatures over 30{{spaces}}°C were previously only seen a few days each decade. The growing season in Bergen is exceptionally long for its latitude, more than 200 days. Its mild winters and proximity to the Gulf Stream provide the city with a [[Hardiness zone|plant hardiness zone]] of 8b and 9a depending on location; this zone is much more common below 50°N even in Europe, with cities as far south as [[Bordeaux]], [[Thessaloniki]] and [[Istanbul]] falling into this category. The average date for the last overnight freeze (low below {{convert|0|°C|1|abbr=on}}) in spring is April 4<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2012 |title=Siste frostnatt om våren |url=https://www.yr.no/artikkel/siste-frostnatt-om-varen-1.8119060}}</ref> and average date for first freeze in autumn is November 7<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 September 2013 |title=Første frostnatt |url=https://www.yr.no/artikkel/forste-frostnatt-1.11261900}}</ref> giving a frost-free season of 216 days.

Extreme temperatures are also quite rare in the city. The highest temperature ever recorded was {{convert|33.4|°C|°F|abbr=on}} on 26 July 2019,<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 July 2019 |title=Nå er 33,4 den nye varmerekorden i Bergen |url=https://www.bt.no/nyheter/lokalt/i/QoE3rA/Na-er-33_4-den-nye-varmerekorden-i-Bergen |access-date=26 July 2019 |work=[[Bergens Tidende]] |language=no}}</ref> beating the previous record from 2018 at {{convert|32.6|°C|°F|abbr=on}} degrees, and the lowest was {{convert|-16.3|°C|°F|abbr=on}} in January 1987.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bjørbæk |first=G |title=Norsk vær i 110 år |publisher=N.W. DAMM & Sønn |year=2003 |isbn=8204086954 |page=260}}</ref>

The city is quite cloudy year round, although old sunshine hours data might have caused an underestimate of sunshine hours, due to the city's mountainside location.<ref name="soltimer Bergen">{{Cite web |date=10 February 2017 |title=Over 1600 soltimer i Bergen i fjor trass i elendig vær i skoleferien |url=http://www.arstadposten.no/2017/02/10/1600-soltimer-bergen-fjor-trass-elendig-vaer-skoleferien/}}</ref> A new sun recorder was established at [[Bergen Airport, Flesland]] (a location with less terrain obscuring the sun) in December 2015, and this recorded an average of 1,596 hours of sun annually during 2016–2022.<ref name="Arstadposten">{{Cite web |date=22 February 2022 |title=Årstadposten – Nytt fra Årstad siden 1993 |url=https://www.arstadposten.no/2023/11/30/naer-80-soltimer-i-bergen-i-november-dobbelt-sa-mange-som-normalen/ |access-date=24 February 2024 |publisher=Arstadposten.no}}</ref>

{{Weather box
|location = Bergen (Norway), 1991-2020 normals, extremes 1957-present, sunshine 2016-2024 (Bergen Airport, Flesland)
|metric first = y
|single line = y
|Jan record high C= 16.2
|Feb record high C= 13.5 
|Mar record high C= 17.2
|Apr record high C= 25.5
|May record high C= 31.2
|Jun record high C= 30.3
|Jul record high C= 33.4
|Aug record high C= 30.7
|Sep record high C= 28.6
|Oct record high C= 23.8
|Nov record high C= 17.9
|Dec record high C= 14.2
|year record high C= 33.4
|Jan avg record high C= 9.6
|Feb avg record high C= 9.2
|Mar avg record high C= 12.1
|Apr avg record high C= 18
|May avg record high C= 23.1
|Jun avg record high C= 25.1
|Jul avg record high C= 27.2
|Aug avg record high C= 26.2
|Sep avg record high C= 22
|Oct avg record high C= 17.5
|Nov avg record high C= 13
|Dec avg record high C= 10.4
|year avg record high C=
|Jan high C = 4.7
|Feb high C = 4.9
|Mar high C = 6.9
|Apr high C = 11.1
|May high C = 15.0
|Jun high C = 17.7
|Jul high C = 19.7
|Aug high C = 19.4
|Sep high C = 16.1
|Oct high C = 11.7
|Nov high C = 7.6
|Dec high C = 5.3
|year high C = 
|Jan mean C= 2.6
|Feb mean C= 2.4
|Mar mean C= 3.8
|Apr mean C= 7.1
|May mean C= 10.6
|Jun mean C= 13.5
|Jul mean C= 15.5
|Aug mean C= 15.4
|Sep mean C= 12.7
|Oct mean C= 8.7
|Nov mean C= 5.3
|Dec mean C= 3.1
|year mean C = 
|Jan low C = 0.6
|Feb low C = 0.1
|Mar low C = 1.3
|Apr low C = 3.9
|May low C = 6.9
|Jun low C = 10.1
|Jul low C = 12.4
|Aug low C = 12.4
|Sep low C = 9.9
|Oct low C = 6.1
|Nov low C = 3.1
|Dec low C = 1.0
|year low C = 
|Jan avg record low C= -6.1
|Feb avg record low C= -6.1
|Mar avg record low C= -4.5
|Apr avg record low C= -1.2
|May avg record low C= 1.8
|Jun avg record low C= 5.6
|Jul avg record low C= 8.2
|Aug avg record low C= 8.0
|Sep avg record low C= 4.4
|Oct avg record low C= 0.1
|Nov avg record low C= -3.2
|Dec avg record low C= -5.7
|year avg record low C= -8.7
|Jan record low C= -16.3
|Feb record low C= -13.4
|Mar record low C= -12.0
|Apr record low C= -5.4
|May record low C= -0.1
|Jun record low C= 1.7
|Jul record low C= 5.6
|Aug record low C= 5.3
|Sep record low C= -0.1
|Oct record low C= -4.7
|Nov record low C= -9.5
|Dec record low C= -13.7	
|year record low C=
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 256.3
|Feb precipitation mm = 209.5
|Mar precipitation mm = 201.7
|Apr precipitation mm = 140.6
|May precipitation mm = 108.5
|Jun precipitation mm = 132.3
|Jul precipitation mm = 157.5
|Aug precipitation mm = 207.9
|Sep precipitation mm = 248.1
|Oct precipitation mm = 268.1
|Nov precipitation mm = 275.1
|Dec precipitation mm = 289.9
|year precipitation mm = 
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 19.2
|Feb precipitation days = 17.4
|Mar precipitation days = 17.6
|Apr precipitation days = 14.1
|May precipitation days = 13.0
|Jun precipitation days = 13.3
|Jul precipitation days = 15.2
|Aug precipitation days = 16.6
|Sep precipitation days = 18.1
|Oct precipitation days = 18.5
|Nov precipitation days = 18.5
|Dec precipitation days = 19.3
|year precipitation days = 
|Jan humidity=79.1
|Feb humidity=77.7
|Mar humidity=74.1
|Apr humidity=69.4
|May humidity=68.7
|Jun humidity=72.5
|Jul humidity=75.6
|Aug humidity=76.8
|Sep humidity=77.9
|Oct humidity=78.5
|Nov humidity=79.2
|Dec humidity=80.7
| Jan sun = 31.8
| Feb sun = 64.4
| Mar sun = 119.2
| Apr sun = 218.7
| May sun = 251.9
| Jun sun = 233.5
| Jul sun = 203.1
| Aug sun = 174.2
| Sep sun = 134.3
| Oct sun = 84.2
| Nov sun = 46.2
| Dec sun = 13.4
| year sun =
| Jan percentsun = 15
| Feb percentsun = 25
| Mar percentsun = 33
| Apr percentsun = 50
| May percentsun = 47
| Jun percentsun = 41
| Jul percentsun = 36
| Aug percentsun = 36
| Sep percentsun = 35
| Oct percentsun = 27
| Nov percentsun = 21
| Dec percentsun = 7
| year percentsun =
|source=Seklima<ref name = "Seklima">seklima.met.no</ref>
}}

{{Weather box|collapsed=yes
|location = Bergen Airport Flesland; average temperatures and precipitation 1981–2010; sunshine 1961–1990
|metric first = y
|single line = y
|Jan record high C= 16.9
|Feb record high C= 13.5 
|Mar record high C= 17.2
|Apr record high C= 22.5
|May record high C= 31.2
|Jun record high C= 29.9
|Jul record high C= 33.4
|Aug record high C= 31.0
|Sep record high C= 27.1
|Oct record high C= 23.8
|Nov record high C= 17.9
|Dec record high C= 13.9
|year record high C= 33.4
|Jan high C = 3.9
|Feb high C = 3.9
|Mar high C = 5.6
|Apr high C = 9.4
|May high C = 13.3
|Jun high C = 16.1
|Jul high C = 17.8
|Aug high C = 17.8
|Sep high C = 14.4
|Oct high C = 10.6
|Nov high C = 6.7
|Dec high C = 4.4
|year high C = 
|Jan mean C= 1.4
|Feb mean C= 1.4
|Mar mean C= 2.8
|Apr mean C= 5.8
|May mean C= 9.5
|Jun mean C= 12.5
|Jul mean C= 14.5
|Aug mean C= 14.5
|Sep mean C= 11.4
|Oct mean C= 8.1
|Nov mean C= 4.2
|Dec mean C= 1.9
|year mean C = 
|Jan low C = -1.1
|Feb low C = -1.1
|Mar low C = 0.0
|Apr low C = 2.2
|May low C = 5.6
|Jun low C = 8.9
|Jul low C = 11.1
|Aug low C = 11.1
|Sep low C = 8.3
|Oct low C = 5.6
|Nov low C = 1.7
|Dec low C = -0.6
|year low C = 
|Jan record low C= -16.3
|Feb record low C= -13.4
|Mar record low C= -12.0
|Apr record low C= -5.5
|May record low C= -0.1
|Jun record low C= 0.8
|Jul record low C= 2.5
|Aug record low C= 2.5
|Sep record low C= 0.0
|Oct record low C= -5.5
|Nov record low C= -10.0
|Dec record low C= -13.0	
|year record low C= -16.3
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 225.5
|Feb precipitation mm = 169.4
|Mar precipitation mm = 188.8
|Apr precipitation mm = 144.5
|May precipitation mm = 110.8
|Jun precipitation mm = 111.6
|Jul precipitation mm = 157.0
|Aug precipitation mm = 189.7
|Sep precipitation mm = 272.7
|Oct precipitation mm = 257.5
|Nov precipitation mm = 296.1
|Dec precipitation mm = 223.9
|year precipitation mm = 2347.6
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 19.1
|Feb precipitation days = 16.4
|Mar precipitation days = 17.3
|Apr precipitation days = 14.0
|May precipitation days = 12.8
|Jun precipitation days = 12.7
|Jul precipitation days = 14.5
|Aug precipitation days = 15.9
|Sep precipitation days = 17.0
|Oct precipitation days = 19.1
|Nov precipitation days = 18.1
|Dec precipitation days = 18.5
|year precipitation days = 
|Jan humidity=78
|Feb humidity=76
|Mar humidity=73
|Apr humidity=72
|May humidity=72
|Jun humidity=76
|Jul humidity=77
|Aug humidity=78
|Sep humidity=79
|Oct humidity=79
|Nov humidity=78
|Dec humidity=79

|Jan sun = 19
|Feb sun = 56
|Mar sun = 94
|Apr sun = 147
|May sun = 186
|Jun sun = 189
|Jul sun = 167
|Aug sun = 144
|Sep sun = 86
|Oct sun = 60
|Nov sun = 27
|Dec sun = 12

| Jan percentsun = 9
| Feb percentsun = 22
| Mar percentsun = 25
| Apr percentsun = 34
| May percentsun = 35
| Jun percentsun = 34
| Jul percentsun = 30
| Aug percentsun = 30
| Sep percentsun = 22
| Oct percentsun = 19
| Nov percentsun = 12
| Dec percentsun = 6
| year percentsun =

|source 1 = NOAA (temperatures)<ref>{{Cite web |title=NOAA stats – Bergen |url=http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/listenormale-1981-2010-1-p159.php |access-date=30 December 2019 |publisher=NOAA}}</ref> NOAA (humidity and sunshine)<ref name="NOAA">{{Cite web |title=BERGEN – FLORIDA Climate Normals: 1961–1990 |url=ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_VI/NO/01317.TXT |access-date=16 March 2014 |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration}}</ref>
|source 2 = Voodoo Skies for extremes<ref>{{Cite web |title=Voodoo Skies - Bergen Monthly Temperature weather history |url=http://voodooskies.com/weather/norway/bergen/monthly/temperature |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161101101758/http://voodooskies.com/weather/norway/bergen/monthly/temperature |archive-date=1 November 2016 |access-date=6 September 2015}}</ref> Naturen<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mamen |first=J |year=2008 |title=Dypdykk i klimadatabasen. Rekorder og kuriositeter fra Meteorologisk institutts klimaarkiv |journal=Naturen |page=250 |number=6}}</ref>
|date=September 2015}}