Editing Battle of Atlanta (section)

==Aftermath==
{{Further|Burning of Atlanta}} {{Further|Atlanta campaign}}
[[File:Confederate artillery emplacements.jpg|thumb|Confederate sappers constructed a number of [[artillery]] emplacements covering the avenues of approach to [[Atlanta, Georgia|Atlanta]]. The artillery in this fortification overlooks [[Peachtree Street]].]]
[[File:Atlanta first union station in ruins 1864.jpg|thumb|Ruins of Atlanta [[Atlanta Union Station (1853)|Union Depot]] after burning by Sherman's troops, 1864]]

Sherman settled into a siege of Atlanta, shelling the city and sending raids west and south of the city to cut off the supply lines from [[Macon, Georgia]]. Both of Sherman's cavalry raids including [[James Patton Brownlow#Atlanta campaign; McCook's raid|McCook's raid]] and Stoneman's Raid 
were defeated by Confederate cavalry collectively under General Wheeler. Although the raids partially achieved their objective of cutting railroad tracks and destroying supply wagons, they were soon after repaired and supplies continued to move to the city of Atlanta.<ref name=":1">Matthews, Byron H. (1976). ''The McCook-Stoneman Raid''. Brannon Publishing.</ref>{{page needed|date=July 2021}}{{sfn|Garrett|1987|p=}}{{page needed|date=July 2021}} Following the failure to break the Confederates' hold on the city, Sherman began to employ a new strategy. He swung his entire army in a broad flanking maneuver to the west.{{sfn|Garrett|1987|p=}}{{page needed|date=July 2021}} Finally, on August 31, at [[Battle of Jonesborough|Jonesborough, Georgia]], Sherman's army captured the railroad track from Macon, pushing the Confederates to [[Lovejoy, Georgia|Lovejoy's Station]]. With his supply lines fully severed, Hood pulled his troops out of Atlanta the next day, September 1, destroying supply depots as he left to prevent them from falling into Union hands. He also set fire to eighty-one loaded ammunition cars, which led to a [[conflagration]] watched by hundreds.{{sfn|Garrett|1987|pp=633–638}}

On September 2,{{sfn|Boyer et al.|2007|p=457}} Mayor [[James Calhoun (politician, born 1811)|James Calhoun]],<ref name="MSAA">{{cite web|title=Surrender of Atlanta, September 2, 1864|url=http://www.artery.org/08_history/UpperArtery/CivilWar/CWM-Surrender.html|publisher=Marietta Street Artery Association|access-date=January 18, 2011| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101212034911/http://artery.org/08_history/UpperArtery/CivilWar/CWM-Surrender.html| archive-date= December 12, 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> along with a committee of Union-leaning citizens including [[William Markham (mayor)|William Markham]],{{sfn|Garrett|1987|pp=633–638}} [[Jonathan Norcross]], and [[Edward Rawson (businessman)|Edward Rawson]], met a captain on the staff of Major General [[Henry Warner Slocum|Henry W. Slocum]], and surrendered the city, asking for "protection to non-combatants and private property".{{sfn|Garrett|1987|pp=633–638}} Sherman, who was in Jonesboro at the time of surrender,{{sfn|Garrett|1987|pp=633–638}} sent a telegram to Washington on September 3, reading, "Atlanta is ours, and fairly won".{{sfn|Cox|1994|p=xv}}<ref name=LoC1>{{cite web|title=Today in History: September 1|url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/sep01.html|publisher=Library of Congress|access-date=January 21, 2011| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110115060629/http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/sep01.html| archive-date= January 15, 2011 | url-status= live}}</ref>

Within a week of the fall of Atlanta, Sherman had ordered all non-military personnel out of Atlanta. Reportedly he remembered the cities of Memphis and Vicksburg which became a burden immediately after victory, so he told the civilians specifically to go north or go south. A truce of sorts was quickly established at a town nearby called [[Mountain View, Georgia|Rough And Ready]] with General Hood, where Union and Confederate prisoners were in small numbers exchanged and civilians wishing to go south could get help to that end.<ref name=":1" />{{page needed|date=July 2021}} After the battle, Sherman established his headquarters in Atlanta on September 7. He stayed until November 15 when the Army of the Tennessee, then commanded by Major General [[Oliver Otis Howard|Oliver O. Howard]] and consisting of two corps and the newly formed [[Army of Georgia]], commanded by Major General Henry W. Slocum, also with two corps, departed for [[Savannah, Georgia|Savannah]] on the campaign known as "[[Sherman's March to the Sea]]".{{sfn|Boyer et al.|2007|p=457}}

Despite the damage caused by the war, Atlanta recovered from its downfall relatively quickly; as one observer noted as early as November 1865, "A new city is springing up with marvelous rapidity".<ref name=NPSIndustrial>{{cite web|title=Industrial Atlanta|publisher=National Park Service|url=http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/atlanta/industrial.htm|access-date=February 21, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The American South: A History, Volume 2|page=468|first=William J. Jr.|last=Cooper|author2=Terrill, Thomas E.|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|year=2008}}</ref>