Editing Aquileia (section)

=== Middle Ages ===
{{unreferencedsect|date=January 2025}}
{{main|Patriarchate of Aquileia (State)}}
The Lombard [[dukes of Friuli]] ruled Aquileia and the surrounding mainland territory from [[Cividale]]. In 774, [[Charlemagne]] conquered the Lombard duchy and made it into a Frankish one with [[Eric of Friuli]] as duke. In 787, Charlemagne named the priest and ''master of grammar'' at the Palace School of [[Paulinus II of Aquileia|Paulinus II]], the new patriarch of Aquileia. The patriarchate, despite being divided with a northern portion assigned to the pastoral care of the newly created Archbishopric of Salzburg, would remain one of the largest dioceses.  Although Paulinus resided mainly at Cividale, his successor Maxentius considered rebuilding Aquileia. However, the project never came to fruition.

While Maxentius was patriarch, the [[pope]] approved the Synod of Mantua, which affirmed the precedence of the mainland patriarch of Aquileia over the patriarch of Grado. However, material conditions were soon to worsen for Aquileia. The ruins of Aquileia were continually pillaged for building material. And with the collapse of the [[Carolingians]] in the tenth century, the inhabitants would suffer under the raids of the [[Magyars]].

By the eleventh century, the patriarch of Aquileia had grown strong enough to assert temporal sovereignty over Friuli and Aquileia. The Holy Roman Emperor gave the region to the patriarch as a feudal possession. However, the patriarch's temporal authority was constantly disputed and assailed by the territorial nobility.

In 1027 and 1044, Patriarch [[Poppo of Aquileia]], who rebuilt the cathedral of Aquileia, entered and sacked neighbouring Grado, and, though the Pope reconfirmed the Patriarch of the latter in his dignities, the town never fully recovered, though it continued to be the seat of the Patriarchate until its formal transference to Venice in 1450.

In the fourteenth century, the Patriarchal State reached its largest extension, stretching from the [[Piave (river)|Piave river]] to the [[Julian Alps]] and northern [[Istria]]. The seat of the Patriarchate of Aquileia had been transferred to [[Udine]] in 1238, but returned to Aquileia in 1420 when [[Republic of Venice|Venice]] annexed the territory of Udine.

In 1445, the defeated patriarch [[Ludovico Trevisan]] acquiesced in the loss of his ancient temporal estate in return for an annual salary of 5,000 [[ducat]]s allowed him from the Venetian treasury. Henceforth only Venetians were allowed to hold the title of Patriarch of Aquileia. The Patriarchal State was incorporated into the Republic of Venice with the name of ''Patria del Friuli'', ruled by a ''[[provveditore generale]]'' or a ''[[luogotenente]]'' living in Udine.