Editing Antoni Kępiński (section)

===Information metabolism===
{{main|Information metabolism}}
Information metabolism is a [[psychology|psychological]] theory of interaction between biological organisms and their environment based on [[Information processing (psychology)|information processing]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Bielecki|first1=Andrzej|title=The general entity of life: a cybernetic approach.|journal=Biological Cybernetics|volume=109|issue=3|year=2015|pages=401–419|doi=10.1007/s00422-015-0652-8|pmid=25985758|s2cid=253887347 }}</ref> The most detailed description of information metabolism concept was given by Kępiński in his book ''Melancholy'' (1974).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kępiński|first1=Antoni|title=Melancholy (In Polish)|date=2014|publisher=Wydawnictwo Literackie|location=Kraków}}</ref> In this model, the living organism is considered an [[open system (systems theory)|open system]] as understood by [[Ludwig von Bertalanffy|von Bertalanffy]]. Living beings are characterized by ability to increase and maintain their own [[negentropy]] - an idea popularized in [[Schrödinger]]'s book ''[[What is life?]]''.<ref name="kepinski1972"/> This ability makes the difference between them and inanimate objects which obey the [[second law of thermodynamics|increase of entropy principle]]. The body retains the same basic structure, although its building elements (molecules) are replaced quite frequently in [[metabolism|anabolic and catabolic]] processes. The energy derived from food and oxygen is spent on securing the integrity of the organism. To refer to anabolic and catabolic processes in cells Kępiński used the term "energy metabolism". Any activity of an organism is an informational sign to other beings. Activities in the physical realm are reactions to changes perceived in the external or internal reality of the organism. Bearing that in mind, the [[Psyche (psychology)|psyche]] can be seen as the information-processing unit. As emphasized by Kępiński, psychological structure of an individual remains relatively stable despite an ongoing exchange of information, analogically to the physical structure subject to energy metabolism.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kępiński|first1=Antoni|title=Schizophrenia (In Polish)|date=2012|publisher=Wydawnictwo Literackie|isbn=978-83-08-04947-1}}</ref>
In his books, Kępiński explained various mental conditions as disorders and imbalances of the information metabolism in general and its inherent value structure in particular.<ref name="schochow2016"/> During his life, Kępiński mentioned that his model of information metabolism is not complete.<ref name="struzik1987">{{cite journal|last1=Struzik|first1=Tadeusz|title=Kepiński's Information Metabolism, Carnot's Principle and Information Theory|journal=International Journal of Neuroscience|date=1987|volume=36|issue=1–2|pages=105–111|doi=10.3109/00207458709002144|pmid=3654085}}</ref> The work upon it was interrupted by his illness and death.