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===American golden age=== {{main|Golden Age of American animation}} In 1928, ''[[Steamboat Willie]]'', featuring [[Mickey Mouse]] and [[Minnie Mouse]], popularized film-with-synchronized-sound and put [[Walt Disney]]'s studio at the forefront of the animation industry. Although [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Disney Animation's]] actual output relative to total global animation output has always been very small, the studio has overwhelmingly dominated the "aesthetic norms" of animation ever since.<ref name="Furniss_Page_107">{{cite book |last1=Furniss |first1=Maureen |title=Art in Motion, Revised Edition |chapter=Classical-era Disney Studio |author1-link=Maureen Furniss |date=2007 |pages=107β132 |publisher=John Libbey Publishing |location=New Barnet |isbn=9780861966639 |doi=10.2307/j.ctt2005zgm.9 |jstor=j.ctt2005zgm.9 |edition=2014 print-on-demand ed., based on 2007 revised |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt2005zgm.9|oclc=1224213919}}</ref> The enormous success of Mickey Mouse is seen as the start of the [[golden age of American animation]] that would last until the 1960s. The United States dominated the world market of animation with a plethora of cel-animated theatrical shorts.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Barrier |first=Michael |title=Hollywood Cartoons American Animation in Its Golden Age |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2003 |isbn=9780199839223 |location=}}</ref> Several studios would introduce characters that would become very popular and would have long-lasting careers, including [[Walt Disney Productions]]' [[Goofy]] (1932) and [[Donald Duck]] (1934), [[Fleischer Studios]]/[[Paramount Cartoon Studios]]' [[Out of the Inkwell]]' [[Koko the Clown]] (1918), [[Bimbo (Fleischer Studios)|Bimbo]] and [[Betty Boop]] (1930), [[Popeye#Theatrical animated cartoons|Popeye]] (1933) and [[Casper the Friendly Ghost]] (1945), [[Warner Bros. Cartoons|Warner Bros. Cartoon Studios]]' [[Looney Tunes]]' [[Porky Pig]] (1935), [[Daffy Duck]] (1937), [[Elmer Fudd]] (1937β1940), [[Bugs Bunny]] (1938β1940), [[Tweety]] (1942), [[Sylvester the Cat]] (1945), [[Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner]] (1949), [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio|MGM cartoon studio]]'s [[Tom and Jerry]] (1940) and [[Droopy]], [[Walter Lantz Productions|Universal Cartoon Studios]]' [[Woody Woodpecker]] (1940), [[Terrytoons]]/[[20th Century Fox]]'s [[Mighty Mouse]] (1942), and [[United Artists]]' [[Pink Panther (character)|Pink Panther]] (1963).
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