Editing Algal bloom (section)

==Marine algal blooms==
{{Further|Eutrophication#Coastal waters}}
[[File:Competing scientific hypothesis of plankton variability.png|alt=|thumb|Competing hypothesis of plankton variability<ref name="Behrenfeld2018">Behrenfeld, M.J. and Boss, E.S. (2018) "Student's tutorial on bloom hypotheses in the context of phytoplankton annual cycles". ''Global change biology'', '''24'''(1): 55–77. {{doi|10.1111/gcb.13858}}.</ref>|350x350px]]

Turbulent storms churn the ocean in summer, adding nutrients to sunlit waters near the surface. This sparks a feeding frenzy each spring that gives rise to massive blooms of phytoplankton. Tiny molecules found inside these microscopic plants harvest vital energy from sunlight through photosynthesis. The natural pigments, called chlorophyll, allow phytoplankton to thrive in Earth's oceans and enable scientists to monitor blooms from space. Satellites reveal the location and abundance of phytoplankton by detecting the amount of chlorophyll present in coastal and open waters—the higher the concentration, the larger the bloom. Observations show blooms typically last until late spring or early summer, when nutrient stocks are in decline and predatory zooplankton start to graze. The visualization on the left immediately below uses NASA SeaWiFS data to map bloom populations.<ref name=NASA2012>[https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10971 Super Blooms] ''NASA Visualization Explorer'', 8 May 2012. {{PD-notice}}</ref>

The [[NAAMES study]] conducted between 2015 and 2019 investigated aspects of phytoplankton dynamics in ocean ecosystems, and how such dynamics influence [[Atmospheric aerosol particles|atmospheric aerosols]], clouds, and climate.<ref name=Behrenfeld2019>{{Cite journal|last1=Behrenfeld|first1=Michael J.|last2=Moore|first2=Richard H.|last3=Hostetler|first3=Chris A.|last4=Graff|first4=Jason|last5=Gaube|first5=Peter|last6=Russell|first6=Lynn M.|last7=Chen|first7=Gao|last8=Doney|first8=Scott C.|author-link8=Scott Doney|last9=Giovannoni|first9=Stephen|last10=Liu|first10=Hongyu|last11=Proctor|first11=Christopher|date=22 March 2019|title=The North Atlantic Aerosol and Marine Ecosystem Study (NAAMES): Science Motive and Mission Overview|journal=Frontiers in Marine Science|volume=6|pages=122|doi=10.3389/fmars.2019.00122|issn=2296-7745|doi-access=free}}</ref>

In France, citizens are requested to report coloured waters through the project PHENOMER.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Phenomer|url=https://www.phenomer.org/|access-date=22 February 2022|website=www.phenomer.org}}</ref> This helps to understand the occurrence of marine blooms.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}

[[Wildfire]]s<!--like the [[2019-20 Australian bushfire season|2019–2020 Australian wildfires]]--> can cause phytoplankton blooms via oceanic deposition of wildfire aerosols.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tang |first1=Weiyi |last2=Llort |first2=Joan |last3=Weis |first3=Jakob |last4=Perron |first4=Morgane M. G. |last5=Basart |first5=Sara |last6=Li |first6=Zuchuan |last7=Sathyendranath |first7=Shubha |author-link7=Shubha Sathyendranath|last8=Jackson |first8=Thomas |last9=Sanz Rodriguez |first9=Estrella |last10=Proemse |first10=Bernadette C. |last11=Bowie |first11=Andrew R. |last12=Schallenberg |first12=Christina |last13=Strutton |first13=Peter G. |last14=Matear |first14=Richard |last15=Cassar |first15=Nicolas |title=Widespread phytoplankton blooms triggered by 2019–2020 Australian wildfires |journal=Nature |date=September 2021 |volume=597 |issue=7876 |pages=370–375 |doi=10.1038/s41586-021-03805-8 |pmid=34526706 |bibcode=2021Natur.597..370T |hdl=2117/351768 |s2cid=237536378 |language=en |issn=1476-4687 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354614634|hdl-access=free }}</ref>