Editing Alexis de Tocqueville (section)

=== North America ===
In 1831, Tocqueville obtained from the July Monarchy a mission to examine prisons and penitentiaries in the United States and proceeded there with his lifelong friend [[Gustave de Beaumont]]. While they did visit some prisons, Tocqueville and Beaumont traveled widely in the United States: from the east-coast cities to what was then the [[American frontier|north-west frontier]], [[Michigan Territory|Michigan]]; by steamboat down the [[Ohio River|Ohio]] and [[Mississippi River|Mississippi]] to [[New Orleans]]; and by stagecoach across [[The American South|the South]] back toward the east coast and north to [[New York City|New York]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Weingroff |first=Richard F. |date=2023 |title=Alexis de Tocqueville on Transportation in America |url=https://highways.dot.gov/highway-history/general-highway-history/alexis-de-tocqueville-transportation-america#:~:text=Introduction,prisons%20(then%20considered%20progressive). |website=U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration}}</ref> Tocqueville also made a side trip to [[Montreal]] and [[Quebec City]].<ref>[http://www.ameriquefrancaise.org/en/article-466/Alexis_de_Tocqueville%E2%80%99s_visit_to_Lower_Canada_in_1831.html "Alexis de Tocqueville's visit to Lower Canada in 1831"].</ref> Throughout his trip, he took extensive notes on his observations and reflections.<ref name="twsC11r44">{{cite news |author=Joshua Kaplan |year=2005 |title=Political Theory: The Classic Texts and their Continuing Relevance |publisher=The Modern Scholar |quote=14 lectures; (lectures #11 & #12) – see disc 6.}}</ref> He returned within nine months and published a report, ''The Penitentiary System in the United States'', although the more well-known result of his tour was his major work ''Democracy in America'', which appeared in 1835.<ref name="EB1911">{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Tocqueville, Alexis Henri Charles Maurice Clerel, Comte de|volume=26|page=1043}}</ref> Beaumont also wrote an account of their travels in ''Jacksonian America: Marie or Slavery in the United States'' (1835).<ref>Gustave de Beaumont. {{Cite web|title=Marie: ou l'Esclavage aux États-Unis; Online Library of Liberty|url=https://oll.libertyfund.org/title/beaumont-marie-ou-l-esclavage-aux-etats-unis|access-date=28 October 2023|website=oll.libertyfund.org}}</ref><ref>Gustave de Beaumont. [http://www.auxforgesdevulcain.fr/collections/litteratures/marie-ou-lesclavage-aux-etats-unis/ "Marie ou l'Esclavage aux États-Unis"]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150521212952/http://www.auxforgesdevulcain.fr/collections/litteratures/marie-ou-lesclavage-aux-etats-unis/|date=21 May 2015}}</ref>