Editing Akashi Kaikyo Bridge (section)

===Substructures===
[[File:Akashi Kaikyo Bridge Maiko Hyogo Japan (19175872663).jpg|thumb|The illuminated Akashi Kaikyo Bridge as seen from [[Osaka]], 2006.]]
The bridge has four substructures: two main piers (located beneath the water) and two anchorages (on land). These are denoted 1A, 2P, 3P, and 4A in sequence from the Kobe side. 1A consists of an underground circular retaining wall filled with [[roller-compacted concrete]], 2P and 3P are circular underwater [[Shallow foundation|spread-foundation]] [[Caisson (engineering)|caisson]] structures, and 4A is a rectangular direct foundation.<ref name=Ogihara /> 2P is located at the edge of the sea plateau at a level depth of 40–50 m and a bearing depth of 60 m, and 3P is located at the symmetrical point to 2P with respect to the bridge's center, at a level depth of 36–39 m and a bearing depth of 57 m.<ref name=Ogihara />

[[File:Akashikaikyobridge-sunnyday-fromriver2013.ogv|thumbtime=5|thumb|Video of the bridge, as seen from a ship passing underneath]]

The towers are located in an area of strong tidal currents where water velocity exceeds 7 knots (about 3.6&nbsp;m/s). The selected scour protection measure includes the installation of a filtering layer with a thickness of 2 m in a range of 10 m around the caisson, covered with [[riprap]] of 8 m thick.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|others=Satoshi Kashima, Mitsushige Sakamoto, Yukihiro Sano, Kozoo Higuchi|title=Construction of Akashi Kaikyo bridge foundation|url=https://dx.doi.org/10.5169/seals-59833|url-status=live|access-date=September 29, 2021|website=E-Periodica | publisher=IABSE |year=1998|doi=10.5169/seals-59833|archive-date=February 18, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218202158/https://www.e-periodica.ch/digbib/view?pid=bse-re-003:1998:79::84}}</ref>