Editing Airport (section)

=== Airport revenue ===
Airports revenues are divided into three major parts: [[Aeronautics|aeronautical]] revenue, non-aeronautical revenue, and non-operating revenue. Aeronautical revenue makes up 50% in 2021 (from 54% and 48% in 2019 and 2020, non-aeronautical revenue makes up 34% (40%, 39% in previous years), and non-operating revenue makes up 16% (6%, 14%) of the total revenue of airports.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2023 |title=Airport Economics 2023 Report |url=https://store.aci.aero/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2023-Airport-Economics_Final.pdf |access-date=2024-02-22 |publisher=Airports Council International |publication-place=Montreal, Quebec, Canada |isbn=978-1-990290-44-2}}</ref>

==== Aeronautical revenue ====
Aeronautical revenue are generated through airline rents and landing, passenger service, parking, and hangar fees. Landing fees are charged per aircraft for landing an airplane in the airport property.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guides.erau.edu/c.php?g=153797&p=1009544|title=Landing fees|website=guides.erau.edu|access-date=May 6, 2019|archive-date=February 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206144906/https://guides.erau.edu/c.php?g=153797&p=1009544|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Landing fee]]s are calculated through the landing weight and the size of the aircraft which varies but most of the airports have a fixed rate and a charge extra for extra weight.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://assets.flysfo.com.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/investor/SummaryChargesFY1617.pdf|title=SUMMARY OF AIRPORT CHARGES|last=Farooqui|first=Aaryan|website=assets.flysfo|access-date=May 6, 2019|archive-date=May 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506070742/http://assets.flysfo.com.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/investor/SummaryChargesFY1617.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Aircraft parking is also a major revenue source for airports. Aircraft are parked for a certain amount of time before or after takeoff and have to pay to park there.<ref name="researchgate.net">{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322037374|title=The Current Situation and Change in Airport Revenues: Research on The Europe's Five Busiest Airports}}</ref> Every airport has its own rates of parking, for example, [[John F. Kennedy International Airport|John F Kennedy airport]] in New York City charges $45 per hour for a plane of 100,000 pounds and the price increases with weight.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.panynj.gov/airports/pdf/scheduleofcharges-jfk.pdf|title=SCHEDULE OF CHARGES FOR AIR TERMINALS John F. Kennedy International Airport|access-date=May 6, 2019|archive-date=August 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819120001/http://www.panynj.gov/airports/pdf/scheduleofcharges-jfk.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==== Non-aeronautical revenue ====
Non-aeronautical revenue is gained through things other than aircraft operations. It includes lease revenue from compatible land-use development, non-aeronautical building leases, retail and concession sales, rental car operations, parking and in-airport advertising.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.nap.edu/read/14275/chapter/4|year=2009|doi=10.17226/14275|isbn=978-0-309-11787-6|access-date=May 6, 2019|archive-date=May 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506070743/https://www.nap.edu/read/14275/chapter/4|url-status=live |title=Guidebook for Managing Small Airports }}</ref> Concession revenue is one big part of non-aeronautical revenue airports makes through [[Duty-free shop|duty free]], bookstores, restaurants and money exchange.<ref name="researchgate.net"/> Car parking is a growing source of revenue for airports, as more people use the [[Parking lot|parking facilities]] of the airport. [[O'Hare International Airport]] in Chicago charges $2 per hour for every car.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.flychicago.com/ohare/tofrom/parking/Pages/economy.aspx|title=Economy Parking {{!}} Chicago O'Hare International Airport (ORD)|website=flychicago.com|access-date=May 6, 2019|archive-date=March 26, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326002009/https://www.flychicago.com/ohare/tofrom/parking/Pages/economy.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== Price regulation ====
Many airports are local monopolies. To prevent them from abusing their market power, governments regulate how much airports may charge to airlines, using [[price-cap regulation]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malavolti |first=Estelle |date=2016-01-01 |title=Single Till or Dual Till at Airports: A Two-sided Market Analysis |journal=Transportation Research Procedia |series=Transport Research Arena TRA2016|volume=14 |pages=3696–3703 |doi=10.1016/j.trpro.2016.05.489 |s2cid=53579769 |issn=2352-1465 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Czerny |last2=Zhang |date=2015 |title=Single-Till versus Dual-Till Regulation of Airports |url=https://papers.tinbergen.nl/15049.pdf |journal=Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper |volume=TI 2015-049/VIII |access-date=June 7, 2023 |archive-date=June 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607005159/https://papers.tinbergen.nl/15049.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>