Editing Afyonkarahisar (section)

==Economy==
The economy of Afyonkarahisar is based on agriculture, industries and thermal tourism. 
Especially its agriculture is strongly developed from the fact, a large part of its population living in the countrysides. Which stimulated agricultural activities greatly.

===Marble===
{{further|Pavonazzo marble}}
{{further|Docimium}}
[[File:Pantheon11111.jpg|thumb|right|Pantheon, Rome. White Docimian marble is used on the floor and some of the columns such as the two protruding columns of the main apse. The white Docimian color on the floor is very dominant.]]

Afyonkarahisar produces an important chunk of Turkish processed marbles, it ranks second on processed marble exports and fourth on travertine.<ref>{{cite book|author=Belkıs ÖZKAR|title=mermer sektöründe katma degerin ve ihracatin artirilmasi|url=http://www.zafer.org.tr/jdownloads/Raporlar%20%20Strateji%20Belgeleri/mermer-sektorunde-katma-degerin-ve-ihracatin-artirilmasi.pdf|page=29|access-date=2016-06-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810175332/http://www.zafer.org.tr/jdownloads/Raporlar%20%20Strateji%20Belgeleri/mermer-sektorunde-katma-degerin-ve-ihracatin-artirilmasi.pdf|archive-date=2016-08-10|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Dilsad Erkek |title=Mermer ve Traverten Sektörüne Küresel ve Bölgesel Yaklaşım |url=http://geka.gov.tr/Dosyalar/o_19v5e0ki7134g6no139s7pj10658.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://geka.gov.tr/Dosyalar/o_19v5e0ki7134g6no139s7pj10658.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|page=25}}</ref> Afyon holds an important share of Turkish marble reserves, with some 12,2% of total Turkish reserves.<ref>{{cite book|author=Sevgi Gürcan|title=Türkiye ve Afyon'da mermer sektörünün gelisim trendi, Kocatepe University|url=http://www.maden.org.tr/resimler/ekler/24d21019de5e59d_ek.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.maden.org.tr/resimler/ekler/24d21019de5e59d_ek.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|page=389}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Nuran Tasligil|title=Die Analyse der als Baumaterial genutzten, Marmara University|url=http://e-dergi.marmara.edu.tr/marucog/article/viewFile/5000172507/5000155571|page=619|access-date=2016-06-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919041022/http://e-dergi.marmara.edu.tr/marucog/article/viewFile/5000172507/5000155571|archive-date=2016-09-19|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Historically marble from Afyon was generally referred to as "Docimeaen marble" due to the place where it was mined, [[Docimium]].<ref name="Strabo">{{cite book|author=Strabo|title=Geography|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0198%3Abook%3D9%3Achapter%3D5%3Asection%3D16}} "Book 9, chapter 5, section 16"</ref> Afyon has unique marble types and colors, which were historically very renown and are unique to Afyon such as "Afyon white", historically known as "[[Synnada|Synnadic]] white", "Afyon Menekse", historically known as "[[Pavonazzetto marble|Pavonazzetto]]",<ref>{{cite book|author=Barbara E. Borg|title=A Companion to Roman Art|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DS-PCgAAQBAJ&q=bath-gymnasium+pavonazzetto|page=157|year=2015|publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=9781118886090}}</ref> and "Afyon kaplan postu", a less popular type.

Docimian marble was highly admired and valued for its unique colors and fine grained quality by ancient people such as the Romans.<ref>{{cite book|author=Donato Attanasio |title=Ancient White Marbles|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=08gOUB2qRcQC&q=docimian+marble+church|page=154|year=2003 |publisher=L'ERMA di BRETSCHNEIDER |isbn=9788882652470}}</ref> When the Romans took control over Docimaean quarries, they were impressed by the beautiful color combinations of the Docimaean Pavonazzetto, which is a type of white marble with purple veins. Emperors such as [[Augustus]], [[Trajan]] and [[Hadrian]] made extensive use of Docimaean marble to many of their major building projects.<ref>{{cite book|author=Donato Attanasio |title=Ancient White Marbles |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=08gOUB2qRcQC&q=ancient+white+marbles|page=157|year=2003 |isbn=9788882652470 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Strabo|title=Geography|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0198%3Abook%3D12%3Achapter%3D8%3Asection%3D14}} Book 12, 8, 14</ref> These include the [[Pantheon, Rome|Pantheon]],<ref>{{cite book|author=Anthony Grafton|title=Classical Tradition, Harvard University|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LbqF8z2bq3sC&q=pantheon+pavonazzetto|page=842|year=2010|isbn=9780674035720}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=William Lloyd Macdonald|title=The Pantheon, Harvard University|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vjKDS_XoPXQC&q=The+Pantheon:+Design,+Meaning,+and+Progeny|page=86|year=2002|isbn=9780674010192}}</ref> [[Trajan's Forum]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Gaynor Aaltonen|title=The History of Architecture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6Q0EAwAAQBAJ&q=forum+romanum+pavonazzetto&pg=PT92|year=2008|isbn=9781782127970}}chapter, ROME: CROSSING CONTINENTS</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=James E. Packer|title=The Forum of Trajan in Rome |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tn7zf3ecm2wC&q=pavonazzetto|page=120|year=2001|isbn=9780520226739 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Ben Russell|title=The Economics of Roman Stone Trade, Oxford University|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=na0JAgAAQBAJ&q=basilica+ulpia+pavonazzetto|page=229|year=2013|isbn=9780199656394}}</ref> and the [[Basilica Aemilia]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Max Schvoerer|title=ASMOSIA 4, University of Bordeaux|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=51vdxp7FUdwC&q=basilica+aemilia+phrygian|page=278|year=1999|isbn=9782867812446}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Gilbert J. Gorski|title=The Roman Forum, Cambridge University|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6U4QCAAAQBAJ&q=basilica+aemilia+pavonazzetto|page=19|year=2015|isbn=9780521192446}}</ref>

===Thermal sector===
The geography of Afyon has great geothermal activity. Hence, the place has plenty of [[thermal springs]]. There are five main springs and all of them have high mineral content with temperatures ranging between 40 and 100&nbsp;°C. The waters have strong healing properties to some diseases. As a result, plenty of thermal facilities formed over time.

In time, Afyon has developed its thermal sector with more capacity, comfort and innovation. Afyon combined the traditional bath houses with 5-star resorts, the health benefits of the natural springs have made the thermal resorts more than a mere tourist attraction.
Hospitals and universities have come in association with thermal resorts, to utilize the full health potentials of the thermals. 
As such, [[Afyon Kocatepe University]] Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Hospital opened for that purpose.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Kurtulus Karamustafa |author2=ömer Sanlioglu |author3=Kenan Gülle |title=Ulusal Turizm Kongresi, Erciyes University|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUgsCQAAQBAJ&q=afyon+termalin+baskenti|pages=245–246|year=2013|isbn=9786055216740 }}</ref> 
Afyon now has the largest residence capacity of thermal resorts,<ref>{{cite book|author=Prof.Ergün Türker|author2=Ahmet Yildiz|title=Termal ve Maden Sulari Konferansi, Afyon University|url=http://www.dsi.gov.tr/docs/sempozyumlar/termal-ve-maden-sular%C4%B1-konferans%C4%B1-afyonkarahisar.pdf?sfvrsn=2|page=iX|year=2008|access-date=2016-06-23|archive-date=2016-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809170041/http://www.dsi.gov.tr/docs/sempozyumlar/termal-ve-maden-sular%C4%B1-konferans%C4%B1-afyonkarahisar.pdf?sfvrsn=2|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="auto"/> of which a large part are 5-star thermal hotels which give medical care with qualified personnel.

===Spa water===
Kızılay, was the first mineral water factory in Turkey which opened in Afyon, in 1926 by Atatürk. After the mineral water from Gazligöl springs, healed Atatürk's kidneys and proved its health benefits. Since its foundation, "Kızılay Mineral Water" grew as the biggest mineral water distributor in Turkey, Middle-East and Balkans.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yenisafak.com/ekonomi/kizilay-maden-suyu-17-ulkeye-satiliyor-2226071|title=Kızılay maden suyu 17 ülkeye satılıyor|first=Yeni|last=Şafak|date=17 August 2015|website=Yeni Şafak|access-date=8 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kizilaymadensuyu.com.tr/assets/pdf/katalog.pdf |title=Kızılay |access-date=2016-06-23 |archive-date=2016-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160705170749/http://www.kizilaymadensuyu.com.tr/assets/pdf/katalog.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Pharmaceuticals and morphine===
Almost a third of all the morphine produced in the world derives from alkaloids factory in Afyon, named as "Afyon Alkaloids". this large capacity is the byproduct of Afyon's poppy plantations. The pharmaceuticals derive from the opium of the poppy capsules. "Afyon Alkaloids" factory is the largest of its kind in the world,<ref name="auto1"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tmo.gov.tr/Upload/Document/poppy.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131007054501/http://www.tmo.gov.tr/Upload/Document/poppy.pdf|url-status=dead|title=plantation Office|archivedate=October 7, 2013}}</ref> with high capacity processing ability and modern laboratories. The raw opium is put through a chain of biochemical processes, resulting into several types of morphine.

In the Alkaloid Extraction Unit only base morphine is produced. In the adjacent Derivatives Unit half of the morphine extracted is converted to morphine hydrochloride, codeine, codeine phosphate, codeine sulphate, codeine hydrochloride, morphine sulphate, ethylmorphine hydrochloride.<ref>{{cite book|author=Zohara Yaniv |author2=Nativ Dudai |others=Institute of Plant Sciences|title=Medical and Aromatic Plants of the Middle-East|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HuSCBAAAQBAJ&q=Medicinal+and+Aromatic|page=328|year=2014|isbn=9789401792769 }}</ref>

===Agriculture===

'''Livestocks'''
Afyon breeds a large amount of livestock, its landscape and demography is suitable for this field. As such it ranks in the top 10 within Turkey in terms of amounts of sheep and cattle it has.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=18852|title=Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Hayvansal Üretim İstatistikleri, Haziran 2015|first=Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu|last=(TÜİK)|website=www.tuik.gov.tr|access-date=8 April 2018|archive-date=9 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409171414/http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=18852|url-status=dead}}</ref>

'''Meat and meat products'''
As a result of being an important source of livestock, related sectors such as meat and meat products are also very productive in Afyon. Its one of the leading provinces in red meat production<ref>{{cite web|url=http://haber.star.com.tr/ekonomi/et-fiyatlari-artik-afyonda-belirlenecek/haber-835587|title=Et fiyatları artık Afyon'da belirlenecek - Son Dakika Ekonomi Haberleri - STAR|website=star.com.tr|access-date=8 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805124243/http://haber.star.com.tr/ekonomi/et-fiyatlari-artik-afyonda-belirlenecek/haber-835587|archive-date=5 August 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yabantv.com/haber/8892-tarimda-afyon-modeli|title=Tarımda Afyon Modeli!|last=YABANTV|website=yabantv.com|access-date=8 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.memurlar.net/haber/565515/|title='Fiyat istikrarı için et sınıflandırılmalı' - Memurlar.Net|website=www.memurlar.net|access-date=8 April 2018}}</ref> and has very prestigious brand marks of sausages, such as "Cumhuriyet Sausages".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailysabah.com/feature/2014/06/07/afyonkarahisar-where-the-old-world-meets-the-new|title=Afyonkarahisar Where the old world meets the new|website=dailysabah.com|date=7 June 2014|access-date=8 April 2018}}</ref>

'''Eggs'''
Afyon is the sole leader in egg production within Turkey. It has the largest amount of laying hens, with a figure of 12,7 million.<ref>{{cite book|author=foundation of egg producers|title=Yumurta Tavukculugu verileri|url=http://www.yum-bir.org/UserFiles/File/Sektor-Verileri-2015.pdf|page=4|year=2015|access-date=2016-06-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160812113903/http://www.yum-bir.org/UserFiles/File/Sektor-Verileri-2015.pdf|archive-date=2016-08-12|url-status=dead}}</ref> And produces a record amount of 6 million eggs per day.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afyonyumurta.com.tr/s/company-profile-23.html|title=Company Profile|website=www.afyonyumurta.com.tr|access-date=8 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409044424/http://www.afyonyumurta.com.tr/s/company-profile-23.html|archive-date=2018-04-09|url-status=dead}}</ref>

'''Cherries and sour cherries'''
Sour cherries are cultivated in Afyon in very large numbers, so much so that it became very iconic to Afyon. Every year, a sour cherry festival takes place in the Cay district. It is the largest producer of sour cherries in Turkey.<ref name="auto2">{{cite book|author1=Government of Turkey, statistics|title=Afyonkarahisar'in sosyo-ekonomik göstergeleri|url=http://yeni.afyonkarahisartso.org.tr/TuIK-Afyon-Sunum.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://yeni.afyonkarahisartso.org.tr/TuIK-Afyon-Sunum.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|page=60|year=2014}}</ref> The sour cherries grown in Afyon are of excellent quality because of the ideal climate they're grown in. For the same reason Afyon is also an ideal place for cherry cultivation. First quality cherries known as "Napolyon Cherries" are grown in abundance, its one of the top 5 leading provinces.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tzob.org.tr/Bas%C4%B1n-Odas%C4%B1/Haberler/ArticleID/1619/ArtMID/470|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160812141921/http://www.tzob.org.tr/Bas%C4%B1n-Odas%C4%B1/Haberler/ArticleID/1619/ArtMID/470|url-status=dead|title=Foundation of Turkish Agriculture|archivedate=August 12, 2016}}</ref>
 
'''Poppy'''
One of the iconic agricultural practices of Afyon is the cultivation of poppy. Afyon's climate is ideal for the cultivation of this plant, hence a large amount of poppy plantation occurs in this region. Though, a strong limitation came some decades ago from international laws, cause of the opium content of poppy plants peels. Nevertheless, Afyon is the largest producer of poppy in Turkey<ref name="auto2"/> and accounts for a large amount of global production.

'''Potatoes and sugar-beets'''
Afyon has a durable reputation in potato production, it produces around 8% of Turkish potato requirement. It ranks in the top 5 in potato, sugar-beets, cucumber and barley production.<ref name="auto2"/>