Editing Advent (section)

=== Music ===
{{maincat|Advent music}}
[[File:Malbork (DerHexer) 2010-07-14 290.jpg|thumb|Medieval manuscript of Gregorian chant setting of "[[Rorate Coeli]]"]]
Many churches hold special musical events, such as [[Nine Lessons and Carols]] and singing of [[Messiah (Handel)|Handel's ''Messiah'']] oratorio. The [[Advent Prose]], an [[antiphonal]] [[plainsong]], may be sung. The "Late Advent Weekdays", 17–24 December, mark the singing of the Great Advent '[[O antiphon]]s'.<ref>{{cite web |last = Saunders |first = William |title = What are the 'O Antiphons'? |website=Catholic Education (catholiceducation.org) | url = http://www.catholiceducation.org/articles/religion/re0374.html | access-date = 30 November 2009}}</ref> These are the daily antiphons for the [[Magnificat]] at [[Vespers]], [[Evening Prayer (Anglican)|Evensong]], or [[Evening Prayer (Anglican)|Evening Prayer]], in the Roman Catholic, Anglican, and Lutheran churches, and mark the forthcoming birth of the Messiah. They form the basis for each verse of the popular Advent hymn "[[O come, O come, Emmanuel]]".

German [[Advent song|songs for Advent]] include {{lang|de|"[[Es kommt ein Schiff, geladen]]"}} from the 15th century and {{lang|de|"[[O Heiland, reiß die Himmel auf]]"}}, published in 1622. Johann Sebastian Bach composed several [[List of Bach cantatas by liturgical function#Advent|cantatas for Advent]] in Weimar, from {{lang|de|[[Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland, BWV 61|Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland]]}}, BWV 61, to {{lang|de|[[Herz und Mund und Tat und Leben, BWV 147a|Herz und Mund und Tat und Leben]]}}, BWV 147a, but only one more in Leipzig where he worked for the longest time, because there Advent was a [[Tempus clausum|silent time]] which allowed [[cantata]] music only on the first of the four Sundays.

During Advent, the [[Gloria in excelsis Deo|Gloria]] of the [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] is omitted, so that the return of the angels' song at Christmas has an effect of novelty.<ref name=Miles-1912-2017>{{cite book |last=Miles |first=Clement A. |year= 2017 |orig-year=1912 |title=Christmas Customs and Traditions |publisher=Courier Corporation |isbn=978-0-4862-3354-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1XRjAyL8LogC |via=Google Books |access-date=14 January 2019 }}</ref>{{rp|style=ama|p= [https://archive.org/details/christmascustoms0000mile/page/91 91]}}
[[Mass (music)|Mass compositions]] written especially for Lent, such as Michael Haydn's {{lang|la|[[Missa tempore Quadragesimae (Michael Haydn)|Missa tempore Quadragesimae]]}}, in D minor for choir and organ, have no Gloria and so are appropriate for use in Advent.