Editing Acupuncture (section)

=== Related practices ===
* [[Acupressure]], a non-invasive form of bodywork, uses physical pressure applied to acupressure points by the hand or elbow, or with various devices.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lee EJ, Frazier SK | title = The efficacy of acupressure for symptom management: a systematic review | journal = Journal of Pain and Symptom Management | volume = 42 | issue = 4 | pages = 589–603 | date = October 2011 | pmid = 21531533 | pmc = 3154967 | doi = 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2011.01.007 }}</ref>
* Acupuncture is often accompanied by [[moxibustion]], the burning of cone-shaped preparations of moxa (made from dried [[mugwort]]) on or near the skin, often but not always near or on an acupuncture point. Traditionally, acupuncture was used to treat [[acute (medicine)|acute conditions]] while moxibustion was used for [[Chronic (medicine)|chronic diseases]]. Moxibustion could be direct (the cone was placed directly on the skin and allowed to burn the skin, producing a blister and eventually a scar), or indirect (either a cone of moxa was placed on a slice of garlic, ginger or other vegetable, or a cylinder of moxa was held above the skin, close enough to either warm or burn it).<ref>[[#Needham2002|Needham & Lu]], 2002, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=0-0tdqBr58cC&pg=PA170 170–73] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328220246/https://books.google.com/books?id=0-0tdqBr58cC&pg=PA170 |date=28 March 2023 }}.</ref>
* [[Cupping therapy]] is an ancient Chinese form of [[alternative medicine]] in which a local suction is created on the skin; practitioners believe this mobilizes blood flow in order to promote healing.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.britishcuppingsociety.org/ | title=British Cupping Society | access-date=25 March 2014 | archive-date=27 December 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227225757/https://www.britishcuppingsociety.org/ | url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Tui na]] is a TCM method of attempting to stimulate the flow of ''qi'' by various bare-handed techniques that do not involve needles.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/tui+na |title=Tui na |author=Farlex |year=2012 |publisher=Farlex |access-date=25 March 2014 |archive-date=23 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023061520/http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/tui+na |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Electroacupuncture]] is a form of acupuncture in which acupuncture needles are attached to a device that generates continuous electric pulses (this has been described as "essentially transdermal electrical nerve stimulation <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation|TENS]]<nowiki>]</nowiki> masquerading as acupuncture").<ref name=Colquhoun2013>{{cite journal | vauthors = Colquhoun D, Novella SP | title = Acupuncture is theatrical placebo | journal = Anesthesia and Analgesia | volume = 116 | issue = 6 | pages = 1360–63 | date = June 2013 | pmid = 23709076 | doi = 10.1213/ANE.0b013e31828f2d5e | s2cid = 207135491 | url = http://www.dcscience.net/Colquhoun-Novella-A%26A-2013.pdf | author-link = David Colquhoun | access-date = 9 February 2014 | archive-date = 20 November 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181120055409/http://www.dcscience.net/Colquhoun-Novella-A%26A-2013.pdf | url-status = live }}</ref>
* [[Fire needle acupuncture]] also known as fire needling is a technique which involves quickly inserting a flame-heated needle into areas on the body.<ref name="Yan1997">{{cite book | first = Cui-lan | last = Yan | name-list-style = vanc | title = The Treatment of External Diseases with Acupuncture and Moxibustion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W0Ety2Hqug8C&pg=PA112|date=1997|publisher=Blue Poppy Enterprises, Inc.|isbn=978-0-936185-80-4|page=112}}</ref>
* Sonopuncture is a stimulation of the body similar to acupuncture using sound instead of needles.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Educational Opportunities in Integrative Medicine |chapter=Sonopuncture |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=BNR1KGJXX9cC&pg=PA34 34] |publisher=The Hunter Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-0977655243}}</ref> This may be done using purpose-built transducers to direct a narrow [[ultrasound]] beam to a depth of 6–8 centimetres at acupuncture meridian points on the body.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Alternative Therapies |author=Bhagat |year=2004 |isbn=978-8180612206 |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=oKfvc8bvGwsC&pg=PA165 164–65]|publisher=Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers }}</ref> Alternatively, [[tuning fork]]s or other sound emitting devices are used.<ref>{{Cite book |publisher=[[American Cancer Society]] |year=2000 |isbn=978-0944235249 |page=[https://archive.org/details/americancancerso00amer_0/page/158 158] |chapter=Sonopuncture |title=American Cancer Society's Guide to complementary and alternative cancer methods |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/americancancerso00amer_0/page/158 }}</ref>
* Acupuncture point injection is the injection of various substances (such as drugs, [[vitamin]]s or [[herbal extract]]s) into acupoints.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary?CdrID=467825 | title=Cancer Dictionary – Acupuncture point injection | access-date=4 April 2011 | publisher=[[National Cancer Institute]] | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110327191321/http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary?CdrID=467825| archive-date=27 March 2011| date=2 February 2011 }}</ref> This technique combines traditional acupuncture with injection of what is often an effective dose of an approved pharmaceutical drug, and proponents claim that it may be more effective than either treatment alone, especially for the treatment of some kinds of chronic pain. However, a 2016 review found that most published trials of the technique were of poor value due to methodology issues and larger trials would be needed to draw useful conclusions.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sha T, Gao LL, Zhang CH, Zheng JG, Meng ZH | title = An update on acupuncture point injection | journal = QJM | volume = 109 | issue = 10 | pages = 639–41 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27083985 | doi = 10.1093/qjmed/hcw055 | doi-access = free }}</ref>
* [[Auriculotherapy]], commonly known as ear acupuncture, auricular acupuncture, or auriculoacupuncture, is considered to date back to ancient China. It involves inserting needles to stimulate points on the [[outer ear]].<ref name=Barrett2008/> The modern approach was developed in France during the early 1950s.<ref name=Barrett2008/> There is no scientific evidence that it can cure disease; the evidence of effectiveness is negligible.<ref name=Barrett2008>{{cite web|last1=Barrett|first1=Stephen|title=Auriculotherapy: A Skeptical Look|url=http://www.acuwatch.org/reports/auriculotherapy.shtml|website=Acupuncture Watch|date=2 February 2008|access-date=31 August 2014|archive-date=28 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528151121/https://www.acuwatch.org/reports/auriculotherapy.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Scalp acupuncture, developed in Japan, is based on reflexological considerations regarding the [[scalp]].
* [[Koryo hand acupuncture]], developed in Korea, centers around assumed reflex zones of the hand. Medical acupuncture attempts to integrate reflexological concepts, the [[trigger point]] model, and anatomical insights (such as [[Dermatome (anatomy)|dermatome]] distribution) into acupuncture practice, and emphasizes a more formulaic approach to acupuncture point location.<ref name="AAMA list">{{cite journal | vauthors = Braverman S |title=Medical Acupuncture Review: Safety, Efficacy, And Treatment Practices |journal=Medical Acupuncture |volume=15 |issue=3 |year=2004 |url=http://www.medicalacupuncture.org/aama_marf/journal/vol15_3/article1.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050327073325/http://www.medicalacupuncture.org/aama_marf/journal/vol15_3/article1.html|archive-date=27 March 2005}}</ref>
* Cosmetic acupuncture is the use of acupuncture in an attempt to reduce wrinkles on the face.<ref name=NYT>{{cite news|work=The New York Times|title=Hold the Chemicals, Bring on the Needles|last=Isaacs|first=Nora|name-list-style=vanc|date=13 December 2007|access-date=23 November 2009|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/13/fashion/13SKIN.html|archive-date=28 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110828113916/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/13/fashion/13SKIN.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Bee venom acupuncture is a treatment approach of injecting purified, diluted [[bee venom]] into acupoints.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lim SM, Lee SH | title = Effectiveness of bee venom acupuncture in alleviating post-stroke shoulder pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis | journal = Journal of Integrative Medicine | volume = 13 | issue = 4 | pages = 241–47 | date = July 2015 | pmid = 26165368 | doi = 10.1016/S2095-4964(15)60178-9 }}</ref>
* [[Veterinary acupuncture]] is the use of acupuncture on domesticated animals.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Habacher G, Pittler MH, Ernst E | title = Effectiveness of acupuncture in veterinary medicine: systematic review | journal = Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine | volume = 20 | issue = 3 | pages = 480–88 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16734078 | doi = 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2006.tb02885.x }}</ref>

{{gallery
|File:Acupuncture point Hegu (LI 4).jpg|Acupressure being applied to a hand|File:Sujichim (hand acupuncture).jpg|''Sujichim'', hand acupuncture|File:A Dose of Moxa.jpg|Japanese moxibustion|File:Fire cupping in Haikou - 02.JPG|A woman receiving [[fire cupping]] in China}}