Editing Aarhus (section)

===Industrialisation===
[[File:Aarhus set fra bakkerne i Riis Skov.jpg|right|thumb|View of Aarhus, 1850]]
Aarhus began to prosper in the 1830s as the [[History of Denmark#Industrialisation|industrial revolution]] reached the city and factories with steam-driven machinery became more productive.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ddb.byhistorie.dk/koebstaeder/by.aspx?koebstadID=74|title=Danmarks Købstæder: Århus: Byhistorie|publisher=Dansk Center for Byhistorie|access-date=25 January 2023 |language=da}}</ref> In 1838, the electoral laws were reformed leading to elections for the 15 seats on the city council. The rules were initially very strict, allowing only the wealthiest citizens to run. In the 1844 elections, only 174 citizens qualified out of a total population of more than 7,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aarhus.dk/da/politik/Byraadet/Byens-raad-dengang/Byens-raad-1838-1868.aspx|title=Byens raad 1838–1868|language=da|first=Aarhus|last=Kommune|website=Aarhus Kommune|publisher=Aarhus Municipality|access-date=21 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129072144/https://www.aarhus.dk/da/politik/Byraadet/Byens-raad-dengang/Byens-raad-1838-1868.aspx|archive-date=29 November 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> The first city council, mainly composed of wealthy merchants and industrialists, quickly looked to improve the harbour, situated along the [[Aarhus River]]. Larger ships and growing freight volumes made a river harbour increasingly impractical. In 1840, the harbour was moved to the coast, north of the river, where it became the largest industrial harbour outside Copenhagen over the following 15 years. From the outset, the new harbour was controlled by the city council, as it is to this day.<ref name="Byhistorie.dk">{{cite web|url=http://blog.byhistorie.dk/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/I-medgang-og-modgang-rapport-over-udviklingen-af-den-moderne-havn-i-Aarhus-fra-o.-1840-2006.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://blog.byhistorie.dk/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/I-medgang-og-modgang-rapport-over-udviklingen-af-den-moderne-havn-i-Aarhus-fra-o.-1840-2006.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live|last=Andersen|first=Lasse|title=Rapport over udviklingen af den moderne havn i Aarhus fra o. 1840–2006|website=Dansk Center for Byhistorie|access-date=27 June 2016|language=da}}</ref>

[[File:Preussiske soldater inddriver kvæg ved Domkirken. Set fra Mejlgade (Kunstner Hans Frederik Meyer Visby) 1864.jpg|thumb|Prussian soldiers herding cattle by Aarhus cathedral, 1864]]
During the [[First Schleswig War]], Aarhus was occupied by German troops from 21 June to 24 July 1849. The city was spared any fighting, but in [[Vejlby]] north of the city a cavalry skirmish known as [[Skirmish of Århus|Rytterfægtningen]] took place which stopped the German advance through Jutland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aarhus.dk/sitecore/content/Subsites/AarhusStadsarkiv/Home/Servicesider/Nyheder/2014/3-kvartal/Ugens-Aarhushistorie-Rytterfaegtningen.aspx?sc_lang=da|title=Ugens Aarhushistorie – Rytterfægtningen|website=Aarhus Stadsarkiv|publisher=Aarhus Kommune|language=da|access-date=22 November 2014|archive-date=20 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620103806/http://www.aarhus.dk/sitecore/content/Subsites/AarhusStadsarkiv/Home/Servicesider/Nyheder/2014/3-kvartal/Ugens-Aarhushistorie-Rytterfaegtningen.aspx?sc_lang=da|url-status=dead}}</ref> The war and occupation left a notable impact on the city as many streets, particularly on [[Frederiksbjerg]], are named after Danish officers of the time. Fifteen years later, in 1864, the city was occupied again, this time for seven months, during the [[Second Schleswig War]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stiften.dk/nyheder/1864-jylland-besat-af-tyske-tropper|title=1864 Jylland besat af tyske tropper|first=Ivan Freund|last=Nielsen|publisher=Aarhus Stiftstidende|language=da|date=10 October 2014|access-date=22 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141208170205/http://stiften.dk/nyheder/1864-jylland-besat-af-tyske-tropper|archive-date=8 December 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://danmarkshistorien.dk/perioder/det-unge-demokrati-1848-1901/treaarskrigen-1848-50-1-slesvigske-krig/|title=Det unge demokrati 1848–1901|publisher=Aarhus University|first=Erik Strange|last=Petersen|language=da|access-date=27 June 2016|archive-date=19 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119145912/http://danmarkshistorien.dk/perioder/det-unge-demokrati-1848-1901/treaarskrigen-1848-50-1-slesvigske-krig/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In spite of wars and occupation, the city continued to expand and develop. In 1851, the [[octroi]] was abolished and the city walls were removed to provide easier access for trade. Regular [[steamship]] links with Copenhagen had begun with the ''[[Dandy (paddle steamer)|Jylland]]'' in 1825–26 and the ''[[PS Quentin Durward (1823)|Dania]]'' (1827–36), and in 1862 Jutland's first railway was established between Aarhus and [[Randers]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Fælles kræfter. Danske dampskibe indtil 1870, bind III |last=Munchaus Petersen |first=Holger |year=1986 |publisher=Fiskerimuseets Forlag |location=Esbjerg |isbn=87-87453-25-8 |page=89 |language=da}}</ref><ref name="Byhistorie.dk"/>

[[File:Havne udsigt fra dokken.jpg|thumb|right|''Toldkammeret'' (Custom House, 1898)]]
In the second half of the 19th&nbsp;century, industrialisation came into full effect and a number of new industries emerged around production and refinement of agricultural products, especially oil and butter. Many companies from this time would come to leave permanent iconic marks on Aarhus. The [[Ceres Brewery]] was established in 1856 and served as Aarhus's local brewery for more than 150 years, gradually expanding into an industrial district known as ''Ceres-grunden'' (lit.: the Ceres-ground).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ceres.dk/Default.aspx?ID=25|last=Ceres|title=History|access-date=27 June 2016|language=da|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328140433/http://www.ceres.dk/Default.aspx?ID=25|archive-date=28 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hoflev.dk/article.asp?id=134|last=Ceres|title=Ceres Bryggerierne A/S|year=2013|website=Hoflev|access-date=27 June 2016|language=da|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507181622/http://www.hoflev.dk/article.asp?id=134|archive-date=7 May 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aarhusportalen.dk/ceres-grunden.asp|title=Ceres-grunden|language=da|publisher=Aarhusportalen (Jyllands-Posten)|access-date=11 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814092510/http://www.aarhusportalen.dk/ceres-grunden.asp|archive-date=14 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1896, local farmers and businessmen created [[Korn- og Foderstof Kompagniet]] (KFK), focused on grain and [[Animal feed|feedstuffs]]. KFK established departments all over the country, while its headquarters remained in Aarhus where its large grain silos still stand today.{{sfn|Gejl|1996|p=1...}}{{sfn|Jansen|1971|p=1...}} [[Otto Mønsted]] created the Danish Preserved Butter Company in 1874, focusing on butter export to England, China and Africa and later founded the Aarhus Butterine Company in 1883, the first Danish margarine factory.<ref name="Otto">{{cite web|url=http://danmarkshistorien.dk/leksikon-og-kilder/vis/materiale/otto-moensted-1839-1916/|publisher=Aarhus University|title=Otto Mønsted (1839–1916)|date=26 May 2015|access-date=27 June 2016|language=da}}</ref> His company became an important local employer, with factory employees increasing from 100 in 1896 to 1,000 in 1931, partaking in the effective transformation of the city from a regional trade hub to an industrial centre.{{sfn|Travis|1998|p=336}} Other new factories of note included the [[dockyard]] [[Aarhus Flydedok]] and the [[oil mill]] [[Aarhus Oliefabrik A/S|Århus Oliefabrik]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KVFpAAAAMAAJ&q=Aarhus+Flydedok+%C3%85rhus+Oliefabrik|title=The Scandinavian Year Book: A Comprehensive Guide to ... - Page 512|publisher=Dawson|year=1953|page=512}}</ref>

Aarhus became the largest provincial city in the country by the turn of the century and the city marketed itself as the "Capital of Jutland". The population increased from 15,000 in 1870 to 52,000 in 1901 and, in response, the city annexed large land areas to develop new residential quarters such as [[Trøjborg]], [[Frederiksbjerg]] and [[Marselisborg]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gis.aarhus.dk/kommuneatlas/registranter/frederiksbjerg/side1.htm |title=Frederiksbjerg Øst – Århus |language=da |author=Magistratens 2. Afdeling |year=1979 |website=Kommuneatlas |publisher=Aarhus Municipality |access-date=15 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304022939/http://gis.aarhus.dk/kommuneatlas/registranter/frederiksbjerg/side1.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> Many of its cultural institutions were also established at this time such as [[Aarhus Theatre]] (1900), the original [[Vester Allé 12|State Library]] (1902), [[Aarhus University]] (1928) and several hospitals.<ref>[[Aarhus County Hospital]], 1882, [[Aarhus Municipal Hospital]] (1893), [[Marselisborg Hospital]] (1913).</ref>