Editing 2001 (section)

== Culture ==
=== Architecture ===
{{Main|2001 in architecture}}
[[File:The Leaning Tower of Pisa SB.jpeg|thumb|upright|The [[Leaning Tower of Pisa]] reopened in 2001.]]
New buildings constructed or opened in 2001 include the [[Bibliotheca Alexandrina]] in [[Alexandria]],<ref name=":5" />{{Rp|page=163}} the [[Sendai Mediatheque]] in [[Sendai]], the [[DG Bank building]] in [[Berlin]], and [[Aurora Place]] in [[Sydney]].<ref name=":5" />{{Rp|page=164}} Museums that opened in 2001 include the [[Jewish Museum Berlin]] designed by [[Daniel Libeskind]], the [[National Museum of Australia]] designed by [[Howard Raggatt]] in [[Canberra]], the [[Changi Chapel and Museum]] in Singapore, the [[Neue Galerie New York]], and the [[Apartheid Museum]] in [[Johannesburg]].<ref name=":5" />{{Rp|page=233}}

Prominent renovations made in 2001 include the [[Queen Elizabeth II Great Court]] in the [[British Museum]]<ref name=":5" />{{Rp|page=163}} and the entrance wing of the [[Milwaukee Art Museum]].<ref name=":5" />{{Rp|page=164}} Preservation efforts were also completed on the [[Leaning Tower of Pisa]], and it reopened to the public on December 15 after 12 years of reconstruction.<ref name="auto21">{{Cite web |date=2001-12-15 |title=Less leaning tower of Pisa reopens |url=http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/12/15/pisa.tower/ |website=CNN |access-date=December 3, 2022 |archive-date=November 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120061313/http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/12/15/pisa.tower/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Damaged and destroyed buildings included the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]] buildings which were destroyed in the September 11 attacks,<ref name=":10" />{{Rp|page=527}} and the Biblioteca Gallardo in El Salvador, which was destroyed in an earthquake.<ref name=":5" />{{Rp|page=232}}

=== Art ===
{{Main|2001 in art}}
The [[49th Venice Biennale]] shifted from traditional paintings and sculptures, giving an increased focus to film and architectural sculpture.<ref name=":10" />{{Rp|page=525}}<ref name=":5" />{{Rp|page=167}} ''[[Avant-garde]]'' works of art sold well, with the highest earning being [[Gerhard Richter]]'s painting of candles, which sold for US$5.4 million.<ref name=":10" />{{Rp|page=525}} A decline in the fashion industry was exacerbated by the September 11 attacks; styles with military or otherwise violent iconography were phased out.<ref name=":5" />{{Rp|pages=219–220}}

Improvements in [[inkjet printing]] made high resolution photography more practical. Japanese photographer [[Hiroshi Sugimoto]] exhibited his photographs of wax statues of historical figures to provoke questions about the nature of artistic depiction.<ref name=":5" />{{Rp|page=171}} Several iconic works of [[photojournalism]] were produced during the September 11 attacks, including ''[[The Falling Man]]'' and ''[[Raising the Flag at Ground Zero]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Almond |first=Kyle |date=2021-09-10 |title=The 9/11 photos we will never forget |url=https://www.cnn.com/interactive/2021/09/us/9-11-photos-cnnphotos/ |access-date=2022-12-08 |website=CNN |archive-date=September 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913054920/https://www.cnn.com/interactive/2021/09/us/9-11-photos-cnnphotos/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Fritz Koenig]]'s ''[[The Sphere|Sphere]]'' was the only artwork to be recovered from the site, and the sculpture continued to be displayed in its damaged form as a memorial.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Blackemore |first=Erin |date=July 26, 2016 |title=The World Trade Center's Only Surviving Art Heads Home |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/world-trade-centers-only-surviving-art-headed-back-home-180959910/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208020202/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/world-trade-centers-only-surviving-art-headed-back-home-180959910/ |archive-date=December 8, 2022 |access-date=2022-12-08 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}</ref>

The most popular exhibition at the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] in New York City was artwork depicting [[Jacqueline Kennedy]]'s time as [[first lady of the United States]], followed an exhibition of works by [[Johannes Vermeer]] and the [[Delft School (painting)|Delft School]]. Both exhibitions were seen by over 500,000 visitors.<ref name=":10" />{{Rp|page=525}} New art galleries and museums opened in Tokyo,<ref>{{cite book  | last = Miyazaki  | first = Hayao  | author-link = Hayao Miyazaki  |author2=Isao Takahata  | title = Starting Point 1979–1996  | publisher = Viz Media  | year = 2009  | pages = 446–447  | isbn = 978-1-4215-0594-7}}</ref> Vienna<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.leopoldmuseum.org/en/collection|title=Collection|website=Leopold Museum|access-date=19 October 2024}}</ref> and New York.<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Goldberger|first=Paul|title=A Face-Lift on Fifth|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2001/12/03/a-face-lift-on-fifth|access-date=2021-04-13|magazine=The New Yorker|date=November 26, 2001 |language=en-us}}</ref>

=== Media ===
{{Main|2001 in film|2001 in music|2001 in video games}}
The highest-grossing films in 2001 were [[Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)|''Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone'']], ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', ''[[Shrek]]'' and ''[[Monsters, Inc.]]'' The highest-grossing non-English-language film was [[Studio Ghibli]]'s ''[[Spirited Away]]'' (Japanese), the 15th highest-grossing film of the year.<ref>{{cite web |title=2001 Worldwide Box Office |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/year/world/2001/?ref_=bo_cso_table_1 |access-date=March 7, 2020 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |publisher=[[IMDb]] |archive-date=July 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719074502/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/year/world/2001/?ref_=bo_cso_table_1 |url-status=live }}</ref> The inaugural entries in the ''Harry Potter'' and ''Lord of the Rings'' film franchises brought [[fantasy]] into mainstream culture, popularizing [[Young adult fiction|young adult novels]] and catering to [[fandom]] communities.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grauso |first=Alisha |date=2020-08-05 |title=How The 'Harry Potter' And 'Lord Of The Rings' Movies Made Being A Bookworm Cool Again |url=https://atomtickets.com/movie-news/harry-potter-lord-of-the-rings-books-to-movies/ |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=Atom Insider |language=en-US |archive-date=December 5, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205042938/https://atomtickets.com/movie-news/harry-potter-lord-of-the-rings-books-to-movies/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Albury |first=Whitley |date=2021-12-22 |title=20 years ago, Harry Potter and LOTR changed culture |url=https://www.moviejawn.com/home/2021/12/21/hp-lotr-20th |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=Moviejawn |language=en-US |archive-date=December 5, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205042942/https://www.moviejawn.com/home/2021/12/21/hp-lotr-20th |url-status=live }}</ref>

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| footer            = 2001 saw the release of the [[GameCube]] and [[Game Boy Advance]] by [[Nintendo]], the [[Xbox (console)|Xbox]] by [[Microsoft]], and the [[iPod Classic|iPod]] by [[Apple Inc.|Apple]].
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In music, 3.2&nbsp;billion units were sold with a value of US$33.7&nbsp;billion. [[DVD-Audio]] and [[Super Audio CD]] rose to prominence, with approximately 600 titles available in these formats.<ref>{{Cite report |url=http://www.ifpi.org/content/library/worldsales2001.pdf |title=The Recording Industry World Sales |date=2002 |access-date=2022-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061219035001/http://www.ifpi.org/content/library/worldsales2001.pdf |archive-date=2006-12-19}}</ref> Portable music grew in popularity after [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] released the [[iTunes]] media library on January 9<ref name="Apple Newsroom" /> and the first [[IPod Classic|iPod]] music player device on October 23.<ref name="Apple-2001" /> The music sharing program [[Napster]] ended its services after it was accused of facilitating [[music piracy]], but it was replaced by other programs such as [[FastTrack]].<ref name=":5" />{{Rp|page=177}} Worldwide, the best-selling albums were ''[[Hybrid Theory]]'' (2000) by [[Linkin Park]], ''[[No Angel]]'' (1999) by [[Dido (singer)|Dido]], and [[Survivor (Destiny's Child album)|''Survivor'']] (2001) by [[Destiny's Child]].<ref name="ifpi" /> The best-selling non-English album was ''[[Cieli di Toscana]]'' ({{translation|''Tuscan Skies''}}; 2001) by Italian [[tenor]] [[Andrea Bocelli]], which topped the charts in the Netherlands and Sweden<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://australian-charts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Andrea+Bocelli&titel=Cieli+di+Toscana&cat=a |title=Cieli di Toscana chart performance |access-date=2022-12-03 |archive-date=2012-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023022138/http://australian-charts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Andrea+Bocelli&titel=Cieli+di+Toscana&cat=a |url-status=live|website=australian-charts.com}}</ref> and was the 23rd best-selling album globally.<ref name="ifpi">{{Cite web |title=2000-2005 Top 50 Albums [XLS] |url=https://www.ifpi.org/content/library/top-5-albums-2000-2005.xls |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323114337/http://www.ifpi.org/content/library/top-5-albums-2000-2005.xls |archive-date=2012-03-23 |access-date=2022-12-03 |website=[[IFPI]]}}</ref>

Three major video game systems were released in 2001: the [[GameCube]] and the [[Game Boy Advance]] by [[Nintendo]] and the [[Xbox (console)|Xbox]] by Microsoft. Meanwhile, [[Sega]] ended its involvement in the market after the failure of the [[Dreamcast]].<ref name=":5" />{{Rp|page=181}} The year 2001 is considered important in the video game industry, partly because of the release of many games recognized as classics.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |date=2021-09-30 |title=2001 Was The Best Year Ever For Video Games |url=https://www.thegamer.com/best-year-for-games-2001-halo-silent-hill-2-grand-theft-auto-3/ |access-date=2022-12-03 |website=TheGamer |language=en-US |archive-date=December 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203045647/https://www.thegamer.com/best-year-for-games-2001-halo-silent-hill-2-grand-theft-auto-3/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fillari |first=Alessandro |date=2021-02-06 |title=Remembering 2001: The Biggest Games That Turn 20 This Year |url=https://www.gamespot.com/gallery/remembering-2001-the-biggest-games-that-turn-20-this-year/2900-3699/#14 |access-date=2022-12-03 |website=GameSpot |language=en-US |archive-date=December 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203045651/https://www.gamespot.com/gallery/remembering-2001-the-biggest-games-that-turn-20-this-year/2900-3699/#14 |url-status=live }}</ref> Many video games released in 2001 defined or redefined their respective genres, including [[hack and slash]] game ''[[Devil May Cry]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |last=Madsen |first=Hayes |title=21 years ago, Capcom changed action games forever |url=https://www.inverse.com/gaming/devil-may-cry-21st-anniversary |access-date=2022-12-10 |website=Inverse |date=October 17, 2022 |language=en |archive-date=December 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210042856/https://www.inverse.com/gaming/devil-may-cry-21st-anniversary |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Figueiredo |first=Erick Duarte |date=2022-10-02 |title=Devil May Cry and Ninja Gaiden: The Two Extremes of the Hack-and-Slash Genre |url=https://www.superjumpmagazine.com/devil-may-cry-ninja-gaiden-the-two-extremes-of-the-hack-and-slash-genre/ |access-date=2022-12-10 |website=Superjump |language=en |archive-date=December 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210042857/https://www.superjumpmagazine.com/devil-may-cry-ninja-gaiden-the-two-extremes-of-the-hack-and-slash-genre/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[first-person shooter]] game ''[[Halo: Combat Evolved]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |last=Carnley |first=Zackery Van |date=2021-04-19 |title=How Halo Has Defined the Shooter Genre |url=https://gamerant.com/halo-influence-shooters-multiplayer-story-character/ |access-date=2022-12-10 |website=Game Rant |language=en-US |archive-date=December 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210042856/https://gamerant.com/halo-influence-shooters-multiplayer-story-character/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Plant |first=Mike |title=In the loop: how Halo defined a new decade of first-person shooters |url=https://www.theregister.com/2012/11/06/feature_how_halo_became_the_foundation_for_a_decades_games/ |access-date=2022-12-10 |website=The Register |language=en |archive-date=December 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210042856/https://www.theregister.com/2012/11/06/feature_how_halo_became_the_foundation_for_a_decades_games/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[open world]] [[Action-adventure game|action-adventure]] game ''[[Grand Theft Auto III]]'', which is regarded as an industry-defining work.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |date=2021-10-27 |title=Grand Theft Auto 3 Changed Video Games Forever |url=https://www.thegamer.com/grand-theft-auto-3-changed-games-forever/ |access-date=2022-12-03 |website=TheGamer |language=en-US |archive-date=December 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203045650/https://www.thegamer.com/grand-theft-auto-3-changed-games-forever/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gordon |first=Jeremy |date=2021-10-22 |title=After 'Grand Theft Auto III,' Open-World Games Were Never (and Always) the Same |url=https://www.theringer.com/2021/10/22/22737333/grand-theft-auto-gta-rockstar-open-world-assassins-creed |access-date=2022-12-03 |website=The Ringer |language=en |archive-date=December 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203045646/https://www.theringer.com/2021/10/22/22737333/grand-theft-auto-gta-rockstar-open-world-assassins-creed |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Sports ===
{{Main|2001 in sports}}
Many sports events were postponed in the final months of 2001 after the September 11 attacks, particularly in the United States. Other sports were postponed in the United Kingdom and Ireland because of foot-and-mouth disease. Throughout the year, [[Salt Lake City]], Utah, prepared for the [[2002 Winter Olympics]], while [[Beijing]] was announced as the host of the [[2008 Summer Olympics]].<ref name=":5" />{{Rp|page=316}}

Qualifications for the [[2002 FIFA World Cup]] were the main football events in 2001.<ref name=":10" />{{Rp|page=534}} The world record for largest victory in an international football match was set by [[Australia men's national soccer team|Australia]] in a [[Tonga 0–22 Australia|0–22 victory]] against [[Tonga national football team|Tonga]] on April 9. Australia set this record again with a [[Australia 31–0 American Samoa|31–0 victory]] against [[American Samoa national football team|American Samoa]] on April 11. The unbalanced nature of these matches prompted changes to the [[FIFA]] qualification process.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-06-09 |title=How a 31-0 'farce' changed Australia's FIFA World Cup fortunes |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/how-a-31-0-farce-changed-australia-s-fifa-world-cup-fortunes/story-39iqd32nSWMt146Sdg7vRO.html |access-date=2022-12-01 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=December 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201184542/https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/how-a-31-0-farce-changed-australia-s-fifa-world-cup-fortunes/story-39iqd32nSWMt146Sdg7vRO.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":11">{{Cite web |date=2001-04-12 |title=Samoans lose 31-0 - or was it 32-0? |url=http://www.theguardian.com/football/2001/apr/12/newsstory.sport3 |access-date=2022-12-01 |website=The Guardian |language=en |archive-date=April 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411104243/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2001/apr/12/newsstory.sport3 |url-status=live }}</ref> In Europe, the [[UEFA Women's Cup]] began its first season, establishing a continent-wide women's league for association football under the [[UEFA]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-04 |title=Women's Champions League switching to group format |url=https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/womens-champions-league-switching-to-group-format.754837 |access-date=2023-03-24 |website=Times of Malta |language=en-gb |archive-date=March 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324040408/https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/womens-champions-league-switching-to-group-format.754837 |url-status=live }}</ref>

American tennis players [[Jennifer Capriati]] and [[Venus Williams]] shared the four Grand Slam tournaments,<ref name=":5" />{{Rp|page=316}} whilst France won the [[Davis Cup]] for the 9th time.<ref>{{cite book|author=Bud Collins|title=The Bud Collins History of Tennis|year=2010|publisher=New Chapter Press|location=[New York]|isbn=978-0942257700|pages=495–496, 505|edition=2nd}}</ref> [[NASCAR]] driver [[Dale Earnhardt]], described as the greatest driver in the sport's history, died in a [[Death of Dale Earnhardt|crash]] during the [[2001 Daytona 500]] on February 18.<ref name=":5" />{{Rp|page=316}}<ref name="Caldwell-2001">{{Cite news |last=Caldwell |first=Dave |date=2001-02-19 |title=AUTO RACING; Dale Earnhardt, 49, Racing Star |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/02/19/sports/auto-racing-dale-earnhardt-49-racing-star.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=November 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120191343/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/02/19/sports/auto-racing-dale-earnhardt-49-racing-star.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In April, golf player [[Tiger Woods]] became the only player to achieve a "[[Tiger Slam]]" after winning the [[2001 Masters Tournament]], in which he consecutively won all four championship golf titles outside of a single calendar year.<ref>{{Cite web |last=DiMeglio |first=Steve |date=2021-04-05 |title='Greatest golf ever played': Witnesses to Tiger Woods' streak of four major wins look back on an improbable run |url=https://golfweek.usatoday.com/2021/04/05/tiger-woods-masters-2001-tiger-slam-major-championships/ |access-date=2022-12-01 |website=Golfweek |language=en-US |archive-date=December 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201184545/https://golfweek.usatoday.com/2021/04/05/tiger-woods-masters-2001-tiger-slam-major-championships/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The "[[Lennox Lewis vs. Hasim Rahman|Thunder in Africa]]" boxing match ended in a major [[Upset (competition)|upset]] after [[Hasim Rahman]] defeated champion [[Lennox Lewis]] on April 22. Lewis would go on to win a rematch on November 11.<ref name=":10" />{{Rp|page=536}}<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Lancaster |first=Rob |date=2015-04-22 |title=Thunder in Africa: Recalling Hasim Rahman's Shock Win Over Lennox Lewis |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2438671-thunder-in-africa-recalling-hasim-rahmans-shock-win-over-lennox-lewis |access-date=2022-12-09 |website=Bleacher Report |language=en |archive-date=December 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209164604/https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2438671-thunder-in-africa-recalling-hasim-rahmans-shock-win-over-lennox-lewis |url-status=live }}</ref> In cricket, Australia's record-setting streak of sixteen Test victories in a row was broken by India.<ref name=":10" />{{Rp|page=537}}