Editing 1929 (section)

=== North America ===
{{See also|1929 in the United States}}
In October 1929, the British [[Judicial Committee of the Privy Council]] overturned a ruling by the [[Supreme Court of Canada]] that women could not be members of the legislature. This case, which came to be known as the [[Persons Case]], had important ramifications not just for the rights of women but because in overturning the case, the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council engendered a radical change in the Canadian judicial approach to the Canadian constitution, an approach that has come to be known as the "[[living tree doctrine]]". The five women who initiated the case are known in Canada as the [[The Famous Five (Canada)|Famous Five]].<ref name=Brennan>{{cite book|first=Brian|last=Brennan|title=Alberta Originals: Stories of Albertans Who Made a Difference|year=2001|publisher=Fifth House|page=[https://archive.org/details/albertaoriginals0000bren/page/14 14]|isbn=1-894004-76-0|url=https://archive.org/details/albertaoriginals0000bren/page/14}}</ref> In November, the [[1929 Grand Banks earthquake]] occurred off the south coast of [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]] in the Atlantic Ocean. It registered as a [[Richter magnitude]] 7.2 [[submarine earthquake]] centered on [[Grand Banks]], broke 12 submarine [[transatlantic telegraph cable]]s and triggered a [[tsunami]] that destroyed many south coast communities in the [[Burin Peninsula]] area, killing 28 (as of 1997, Canada's most lethal earthquake).<ref name="shunpiking.com"/> [[Ross-Loos Medical Group]] is established in downtown Los Angeles by two physicians, Donald E. Ross and H. Clifford Loos - the first [[HMO]] in the United States.

The Mexican [[Cristero War]] continued in 1929 as clerical forces attempted an assassination of the provisional president in a train bombing in February. The attempt failed. [[Plutarco Calles]], at the center of power for the anti-clerics, continued to gather power in Mexico City. His government was considered an enemy to more conservative Mexicans who held to traditional forms of government and more religious control. Calles founded the National Revolutionary Party early in the year to increase his power; a party which was, ironically, seen by foreigners as fascist and which was in opposition to the Mexican Right. A special election was held in this year, which Jose Vasconselos lost to Ortiz Rubio.  By this time, the war had ended.<ref>Sherman, John. ''The Mexican Right'' New York: Praeger, 1997. {{ISBN|0-275-95736-5}} pp. 18–23</ref> The last group of rebels was defeated on June 4, and in the same month US Ambassador [[Dwight Morrow]] initiated talks between parties. On [[June 21]] an agreement was brokered ending the Cristero War. On [[June 27]], church bells rang and mass was held publicly for the first time in three years. The agreement heavily favored the government, as priests were required to register with the government and religion was banned from schools.<ref>Scheina, Robert. ''Latin America's Wars'' Volume II: the Age of the Professional Soldier, 1900-2001. City: Potomac Books Inc., 2003. {{ISBN|1-57488-452-2}}; pp. 32–33</ref>

The major event of the year for the United States was the [[Wall Street Crash of 1929|stock market crash on Wall Street]], which was to have international effects and be widely regarded as the inciting incident of the [[Great Depression]]. On September 3, the [[Dow Jones Industrial Average]] (DJIA) peaked at 381.17, a height it would not reach again until November 1954. Then, from [[October 24]]–[[October 29]], stock prices suffered three multi-digit percentage drops, wiping out more than $30&nbsp;billion from the New York Stock Exchange (10 times greater than the annual budget of the federal government).<ref>Gilbert, 767–9</ref><!-- This ref only covers part of the preceding info --> On [[December 3]] U.S. President [[Herbert Hoover]] announced to the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]] that the worst effects of the recent [[stock market]] crash were behind the nation, and that the American people had regained faith in the [[Economics|economy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=22021|first=Herbert|last=Hoover|title=Annual Message to Congress on the State of the Union|work=The American Presidency Project|access-date=2013-02-26}}</ref>