Editing 16th century (section)

===[[1540s]]===
[[File:copernicus.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Nicolaus Copernicus]]]]
*[[1540]]: The [[Jesuits|Society of Jesus]], or the Jesuits, is founded by [[Ignatius of Loyola]] and six companions with the approval of [[Pope Paul III]].
*[[1540]]: [[Sher Shah Suri]] founds the [[Sur Empire|Suri dynasty]] in [[South Asia]], an ethnic [[Pashtuns|Pashtun]] ([[Pathan]]) of the house of [[Sur Dynasty|Sur]], who supplanted the [[Mughal dynasty]] as rulers of North [[India]] during the reign of the relatively ineffectual second Mughal emperor [[Humayun]]. Sher Shah Suri decisively defeats Humayun in the Battle of Bilgram (May 17, 1540).
*[[1541]]: [[Pedro de Valdivia]] founds [[Santiago]] in Chile.
*[[1541]]: An [[Algeria]]n military campaign by [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V of Spain]] ([[Habsburg]]) is unsuccessful.
*[[1541]]: [[Amazon River]] is encountered and explored by [[Francisco de Orellana]].
*[[1541]]: [[Siege of Buda (1541)|Capture of Buda]] and the absorption of the major part of [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]] by the [[Ottoman Empire]].
*[[1541]]: [[Sahib I Giray]] of [[Crimean Khanate|Crimea]] invades [[Grand Duchy of Moscow|Russia]].
*[[1542]]: The [[Italian War of 1542–1546]] War resumes between [[Francis I of France]] and [[Emperor Charles V]]. This time [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]] is allied with the Emperor, while [[James V of Scotland]] and Sultan [[Suleiman the Magnificent|Suleiman I]] are allied with the [[French people|French]].
*[[1542]]: [[Akbar The Great]] is born in the [[Rajput]] [[Umarkot Fort]]
*[[1542]]: Spanish explorer [[Ruy López de Villalobos]] named the island of [[Samar]] and [[Leyte]] ''[[Philippines|Las Islas Filipinas]]'' honoring [[Philip II of Spain]] and became the official name of the [[archipelago]].
*[[1543]]: [[Ethiopia]]n/[[Portugal|Portuguese]] troops defeat the Adal army led by Imam [[Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi|Ahmad Gurey]] at the [[Battle of Wayna Daga]]; Imam [[Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi|Ahmad Gurey]] is killed at this battle.
* [[1543]]: [[Nicolaus Copernicus|Copernicus]] publishes his theory that the Earth and the other planets revolve around the Sun
*[[1543]]: The [[Nanban trade period]] begins after Portuguese traders make contact with [[Japan]].
*[[1544]]: The [[France|French]] defeat an [[Holy Roman Empire|Imperial]]–[[Spanish Empire|Spanish]] army at the [[Battle of Ceresole]].[[File:Along the River During the Qingming Festival (Suzhou Imitation) 12.jpg|thumb|Scenes of everyday life in [[Ming Dynasty|Ming China]], by [[Qiu Ying]]|300x300px]]
*[[1544]]: [[Battle of the Shirts]] in [[Scottish clan|Scotland]]. The [[Clan Fraser|Frasers]] and Macdonalds of [[Clan Ranald]] fight over a disputed chiefship; reportedly, 5 Frasers and 8 Macdonalds survive.
*[[1545]]: [[Songhai Empire|Songhai]] forces sack the [[Mali Empire|Malian]] capital of [[Niani, Mali|Niani]]
*[[1545]]: The [[Council of Trent]] meets for the first time in Trent (in northern Italy).
*[[1546]]: [[Michelangelo Buonarroti]] is made chief architect of [[St. Peter's Basilica]].
*[[1546]]: [[Francis Xavier]] works among the peoples of Ambon, Ternate and [[Morotai]] (Moro) laying the foundations for a permanent mission. (to 1547)
*[[1547]]: [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]] dies in the [[Palace of Whitehall]] on 28 January at the age of 55.
*[[1547]]: [[Francis I of France|Francis I]] dies in the [[Château de Rambouillet]] on 31 March at the age of 52.
*[[1547]]: [[Edward VI of England|Edward VI]] becomes King of England and Ireland on 28 January and is crowned on 20 February at the age of 9.
*[[1547]]: Emperor [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]] decisively dismantles the [[Schmalkaldic League]] at the [[Battle of Mühlberg]].
*[[1547]]: [[Grand Duchy of Moscow|Grand Prince]] [[Ivan the Terrible]] is crowned tsar of (All) Russia, thenceforth becoming the [[Tsar of Russia#Tsars of Russia|first Russian tsar]].
*[[1548]]: [[Battle of Uedahara]]: Firearms are used for the first time on the battlefield in [[Japan]], and [[Takeda Shingen]] is defeated by [[Murakami Yoshikiyo]].
* [[1548]]: [[Askia Daoud]], who reigned from 1548 to 1583, establishes public libraries in [[Timbuktu]] (in present-day Mali).
*[[1548]]: The [[Ming dynasty]] government of [[China]] issues a decree banning all foreign trade and closes down all seaports along the coast; these [[Hai jin]] laws came during the [[Wokou]] wars with [[Japan]]ese pirates.
*[[1549]]: [[Tomé de Sousa]] establishes [[Salvador, Bahia|Salvador]] in [[Bahia]], north-east of [[Brazil]].
*[[1549]]: [[Arya Penangsang]] with the support of his teacher, Sunan Kudus, avenges the death of Raden Kikin by sending an envoy named Rangkud to kill Sunan Prawoto by [[Keris Kyai Satan Kober]] (in present-day Indonesia).