Editing 1609 (section)

=== Date unknown ===
* The [[Dutch East India Company]] imports [[tea]] to Europe.
* The Dutch East India Company establishes a [[trading post]] in [[Hirado]], Japan.
* Dutch entrepreneur [[Isaac Le Maire]] devizes the concept of selling [[Short (finance)|short]] shares in order to benefit from a falling Dutch East India Company share price.<ref>Schoorl, H. (1968) ''Isaäc le Maire, koopman en bedijker'' Haarlem: Tjeenk Willink en zoon.</ref>
* [[Hugo Grotius]] publishes ''[[Mare Liberum]]'', his legal text on [[freedom of the seas]], in [[Leiden]].
* The [[Scrooby Congregation]] of Protestant [[English Separatists]] (predecessors of the [[Pilgrim Fathers]]) moves from Amsterdam to Leiden.
* [[Warsaw]] becomes the capital of [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Poland]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Jerzy Jan Lerski|author2=George J. Lerski|author3=Halina T. Lerski|title=Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966-1945|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QTUTqE2difgC&pg=PA90|year=1996|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-26007-0|pages=90}}</ref>
* The municipality of [[Buenavista, Marinduque|Buenavista]] in [[Marinduque]], [[Philippines]] is founded.
* The [[Statutes of Iona]] are passed, marking the end of the bloody feuds between the clans in the [[Scottish Highlands]].
* The [[Douay–Rheims Bible]] [[Old Testament]] translation from the [[Vulgate]] into English vol. 1 is published in [[Reims]].
* English-born Sister [[Mary Ward (nun)|Mary Ward]] founds the [[Sisters of Loreto]] at [[Saint-Omer]], at this time in the [[Spanish Netherlands]].
* [[Johannes Kepler]] publishes his first two [[Kepler's laws of planetary motion|laws of planetary motion]] in ''[[Astronomia nova]]''.<ref>{{cite book|author=Alexandre Koyré|title=The Astronomical Revolution: Copernicus, Kepler, Borelli|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l0YRAZz2yU0C&pg=PA438|date=January 1, 1992|publisher=Courier Corporation|isbn=978-0-486-27095-1|pages=438|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Cornelis Drebbel]] invents the [[thermostat]].
* "Egyptians" (i.e., [[Romany people]]) are expelled from the [[Kingdom of Scotland]].</onlyinclude>