Editing 1555 (section)

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Tsardom of Russia|Russia]] breaks a 60-year-old truce with [[Kingdom of Sweden (1523–1611)|Sweden]] by attacking Finland.
* [[Humayun]] resumes rule of the [[Mughal Empire]].
* The [[Adal Sultanate]] in the [[Horn of Africa]] collapses.
* English captain [[John Lok]] returns from [[Guinea]], with five Africans to train as interpreters for future trading voyages.
* [[Richard Eden (translator)|Richard Eden]] publishes ''The Decades of the Newe Worlde or West India'', a translation into English of parts of [[Pietro Martire d'Anghiera]]'s ''[[Decades of the New World|De orbe novo decades]]'', the [[Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés]] work ''Natural hystoria de las Indias'' and others, urging his countrymen to follow the lead of Spain in exploring the [[New World]];<ref>{{cite ODNB|first=Andrew|last=Hadfield|title=Eden, Richard (c.1520–1576)|year=2004|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/8454|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/8454|access-date=2011-12-12}}</ref> the work includes the first recorded use in English of the country name 'China'.
* Establishment in England of the following [[grammar school]]s: [[Boston Grammar School]], [[Gresham's School]] at [[Holt, Norfolk]] (founded by [[John Gresham|Sir John Gresham]]) and [[Ripon Grammar School]] (re-foundation).
* [[William Annyas]] becomes the Mayor of [[Youghal]], Ireland, the first Jew to hold such a position in Ireland.<ref name="Affairs1987">{{cite book|author=Ireland. Dept. of Foreign Affairs|title=Ireland today|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xhoiAQAAIAAJ|access-date=9 June 2012|year=1987|publisher=Information Section, Dept. of Foreign Affairs}}</ref>
* [[John Dee]] is charged, but cleared, of treason in England.
* [[Orlande de Lassus]]' first book of [[madrigal]]s is published, in [[Antwerp]].