Editing 1220 (section)

==== Europe ====
* [[April 26]] &ndash; King [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]] confirms rights of independence to the German bishops (the ''[[Confoederatio cum principibus ecclesiasticis]]'') in an attempt to secure the election of his 9-year-old son, [[Henry (VII) of Germany|Henry VII]] as [[List of German monarchs|King of Germany]].<ref>Hywel Williams (2005). ''Cassell's Chronology of World History'', p. 135. {{ISBN|0-304-35730-8}}.</ref>
* [[August 8]] &ndash; [[Battle of Lihula]]: Estonian forces encircle the [[Lihula]] stronghold, occupied by an invading Swedish Crusader army. The Swedish troops along with [[Karl the Deaf]] try to make their way out, but they are killed.
* [[November 22]] &ndash; Frederick II is crowned [[Holy Roman Emperor]] at [[Rome]] by Pope [[Pope Honorius III|Honorius III]]. He makes [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]] an [[absolute monarchy]] and adopts [[Palermo]] as its principal seat.
* [[Dordrecht]] is granted [[City rights in the Low Countries|city rights]] by [[William I, Count of Holland]], making it the oldest city in present-day [[Netherlands]].
* Polish forces under [[Konrad I of Masovia|Konrad I]] drive out the heathen [[Prussia]]ns, from the [[Duchy of Masovia|Masovian]] territory of [[Chełmno Land]].