Editing École Polytechnique massacre (section)

==Perpetrator==
{{main|Marc Lépine}}

'''Marc Lépine''' (born Gamil Rodrigue Liass Gharbi) was the son of Monique Lépine, a [[French Canadians|French Canadian]] former Catholic nun, and an [[Algeria]]n father, who was a non-practising Muslim. He and his sister Nadia were baptized Catholic but received little instruction. According to the mother in a 2006 article, the father, a mutual funds salesman, did not consider women to be the equal of men. He was physically and verbally abusive to his wife and son, and discouraged tenderness between the two.<ref name="Citizen" /><ref name="mother">{{cite news|title=Mother of Marc Lepine finally breaks her silence |publisher=[[CTV News]]|date=September 18, 2006 |url=http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/print/CTVNews/20060925/lepine_mother_060925/20060925/?hub=Canada&subhub=PrintStory |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070318031547/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/print/CTVNews/20060925/lepine_mother_060925/20060925/?hub=Canada&subhub=PrintStory |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 18, 2007 |access-date=January 1, 2007}}</ref> When Gamil was seven, his parents separated; his father ceased contact with his children soon after.<ref name="Citizen" /> His mother returned to nursing to support the family; because of her schedule, the children lived with other families during the week. 

At age 14, Gamil changed his name to "Marc Lépine", citing his hatred of his father and taking his mother's surname to further separate from the man.<ref name="Citizen">{{cite news | last1 =Weston| first1 =Greg| last2 = Aubry |first2 = Jack| title = The making of a massacre: The Marc Lépine story Part I|work=[[Ottawa Citizen]] | date =February 7, 1990}}</ref> He had difficulty as he advanced in school and toward adulthood.

Lépine had attempted to join the [[Canadian Army]] during the winter of 1980–1981. According to his 1989 suicide letter found on his body at the attacks, he was rejected because he was "anti-social".<ref name="malarek">{{cite news| last =Malarek| first =Victor| title =Killer Fraternized with Men in Army Fatigues| work =[[The Globe and Mail]]| location =Canada| date =December 9, 1989| isbn =9780889204225| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=FHZJxbjlHsgC&q=%22killer+fraternized+with+men+in+army+fatigues%22&pg=RA1-PA41| access-date =January 2, 2007| archive-date =August 15, 2021| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20210815122504/https://books.google.com/books?id=FHZJxbjlHsgC&q=%22killer+fraternized+with+men+in+army+fatigues%22&pg=RA1-PA41| url-status =live}} Quoted in ''The Montreal Massacre: A Story of Membership Categorization Analysis'', eds., P. Eglin and S. Hester (2003).</ref> 

The brief biography of the shooter that police released the day after the killings described him as intelligent but troubled.<ref name="Chun">{{cite journal|last=Chun|first=Wendy Hui Kyong|year=1999|title=Unbearable Witness: towards a Politics of Listening|journal=Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies|volume=11|issue=1|pages=112–149}}</ref> He disliked feminists, career women, and women in traditionally-male occupations, such as the police force.<ref name="malarek" /> He began a pre-university [[CEGEP]] (college) program in Pure Sciences in 1982, but switched to a three-year vocational program in electronics technology after his first year. He abandoned this program in his final semester without explanation.<ref name="McDonnell">{{cite news | last1=McDonnell| first1=Rod| last2=Thompson|first2=Elizabeth|last3=McIntosh|first3=Andrew|last4=Marsden|first4=William| title = Killer's father beat him as a child; A brutal man who didn't seem to have any control of his emotions| page =A1| newspaper =[[Montreal Gazette|The Gazette]] |location = Montreal | date = December 12, 1989}}</ref><ref name="Citizen2">{{cite news | last1 =Weston| first1 =Greg|last2=Aubry|first2=Jack | title = The making of a massacre: The Marc Lépine story Part II|page =A1|work=[[Ottawa Citizen]] |date =February 8, 1990}}</ref><ref name="CEGEP">{{cite news | last =Colpron | first =Suzanne |title =Marc Lépine était un premier de classe |newspaper =[[La Presse (Canadian newspaper)|La Presse]]| date =December 9, 1989}}</ref> Lépine applied to the École Polytechnique in 1986 and in 1989 but lacked two CEGEP courses required for admission.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Lépine|first1=Monique|last2=Gagné|first2=Harold|title=Aftermath |publisher=[[Viking Press]] |year=2008|isbn=978-0-670-06969-9|pages=170–71}}</ref> He completed one of them in the winter of 1989.<ref name="coroner" /><ref name="Dec6" />

===Suicide letter===
On the day of the massacre, Lépine wrote three letters: two were sent to friends, and one was found in an inside pocket of his jacket.<ref name="coroner"/> The police revealed some details from the suicide letter in the days after the attack, but did not disclose the full text.<ref>{{cite news|last=Malarek|first=Victor|title=More Massacre Details to be Released by Police, but an Inquiry Ruled Out|date=December 12, 1989|newspaper=[[The Globe and Mail]]|page=A6}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Malarek| first=Victor|title=Killer's letter blames feminists|date=December 8, 1989|newspaper=[[The Globe and Mail]]|page=A7}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> 

The media filed an [[Access to Information Act|access to information]] case to compel the police to release the suicide letter but were unsuccessful.<ref>{{cite news|last=McIntosh|first=Andrew|title=Marc Lépine's suicide note to stay sealed; Commission says it can't order police to reveal mass murderer's letter|date=August 22, 1990|newspaper=[[Montreal Gazette|The Gazette]]|page=A3}}</ref> A year after the attacks, the three-page statement was leaked to journalist and feminist [[Francine Pelletier (journalist)|Francine Pelletier]]. It contained a list of nineteen Quebec women whom Lépine labelled as "radical feminists" and apparently intended to kill.<ref name="Chun" /><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/fifth/history/difficultfour.html|title=A Difficult Story to Tell|work=The Story of the Fifth Estate|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121126052255/http://www.cbc.ca/fifth/history/difficultfour.html|archive-date=November 26, 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=December 28, 2006|publisher=[[CBC News]]}}</ref> The list included Pelletier, plus a union leader, a politician, a TV figure, and six police officers who the gunman knew from their playing together on an amateur volleyball team.<ref>{{cite news|last=Fitterman|first=Lisa|title=Cops on Lépine's list: Names of six female officers found on Polytechnique killer|date=March 10, 1999|work=[[Montreal Gazette|The Gazette]]|page=A3}}</ref> The letter (without the list of women) was subsequently published in the newspaper ''[[La Presse (Canadian newspaper)|La Presse]]'', where Pelletier was a columnist.<ref>{{cite news|last=Pelchat|first=Martin|title=Lépine avait des motifs 'politiques'|date=November 24, 1990|newspaper=[[La Presse (Canadian newspaper)|La Presse]]|page=A1|language=fr-ca}}</ref> 

In the leaked letter, Lépine wrote that he was rational and blamed  'feminists' for ruining his life. He said he was angry at feminists for seeking social changes that "retain the advantages of being women [...] while trying to grab those of the men".<ref name="citynews">{{cite news|url=https://toronto.citynews.ca/2006/12/06/citynews-rewind-the-montreal-massacre/|title=CityNews Rewind: The Montreal Massacre|date=December 6, 2006|access-date=December 28, 2006|publisher=[[CityNews]]|archive-date=December 3, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203032822/http://www.citynews.ca/2006/12/06/citynews-rewind-the-montreal-massacre/|url-status=live}}</ref> He referred to [[Denis Lortie]], a [[Canadian Armed Forces]] corporal who had killed three government employees and wounded thirteen others in an armed attack on the [[National Assembly of Quebec]] on May 8, 1984.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Eglin|first1=Peter|last2=Hester|first2=Stephen|title=The Montreal Massacre: A Story of Membership Categorization Analysis |publisher=[[Wilfrid Laurier University Press]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FHZJxbjlHsgC|year=2003|isbn=0-88920-422-5 |page=58}}</ref> The text of the original letter in French is available, as well as an [[Marc Lépine#Suicide statement|English translation]].<!-- Was it published in the book, or where? -->