Editing 'Ndrangheta (section)

== Activities ==

According to the Italian DIA (''Direzione Investigativa Antimafia'', Department of the Police of Italy against organized crime) and [[Guardia di Finanza]] (Italian Financial Police and Customs Police), the 'Ndrangheta is considered "one of the most powerful criminal organizations in the world."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/encounters-with-the-calabrian-mafia-inside-the-world-of-the-ndrangheta-a-806233.html |title=Encounters with the Calabrian Mafia: Inside the World of the 'Ndrangheta |publisher=Spiegel.de |date=4 January 2012 |newspaper=Spiegel Online |last1=Ulrich |first1=Andreas |access-date=13 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121227082611/http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/encounters-with-the-calabrian-mafia-inside-the-world-of-the-ndrangheta-a-806233.html |archive-date=27 December 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.understandingitaly.com/profile-content/ndrangheta.html |title=Italian mafia 'Ndrangheta, ndrangheta, calabria, John Paul Getty III, Gioia Tauro, Colombian drug trafficking, cocaine smuggling italy, vendetta of San Luca, Strangio-Nirta, Pelle-Vottari-Romeo, Maria Strangio, Giovanni Strangio, Duisberg killings |publisher=Understandingitaly.com |access-date=13 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403104255/http://www.understandingitaly.com/profile-content/ndrangheta.html |archive-date=3 April 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The 'Ndrangheta's economic activities encompass international smuggling of [[cocaine]] and weapons. Italian investigators have estimated that approximately 80% of Europe's cocaine transits through the Calabrian port of [[Gioia Tauro]] and is controlled by the 'Ndrangheta.<ref name="guardian" /> However, a report by the [[European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction]] (EMCDDA) and [[Europol]] indicates that the [[Iberian peninsula]] is considered the primary entry point for cocaine into Europe and a major gateway to the European market.<ref name="emcdda">[http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/attachements.cfm/att_101612_EN_TDAN09002ENC.pdf ''Cocaine: a European Union perspective in the global context''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110408215325/http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/attachements.cfm/att_101612_EN_TDAN09002ENC.pdf |date=8 April 2011 }} (PDF), EMCDDA/ Europol, Lisbon, April 2010.</ref> The [[United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime]] (UNODC) estimated that in 2007, cocaine interceptions in Spain (almost 38 metric tons) were nearly ten times greater than in Italy (almost 4 metric tons).<ref name="wdr2009">[http://www.unodc.org/documents/wdr/WDR_2009/WDR2009_eng_web.pdf World Drug Report 2009] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226160952/http://www.unodc.org/documents/wdr/WDR_2009/WDR2009_eng_web.pdf |date=26 December 2016 }}, UNODC, 2009</ref>

'Ndrangheta and Sicilian Cosa Nostra groups are known to engage in joint ventures in cocaine trafficking operations.<ref name="roth">[http://www.tni.org/detail_page.phtml?page=archives_tblick_aruba The Rothschilds of the Mafia on Aruba] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122094839/http://www.tni.org/detail_page.phtml?page=archives_tblick_aruba |date=22 January 2009 }}, by Tom Blickman, Transnational Organized Crime, Vol. 3, No. 2, Summer 1997</ref><ref>{{in lang|it}} [http://www.aduc.it/articolo/italia+affari+cosa+nostra+ndrangheta+insieme_5701.php ''"Uno degli affari di Cosa Nostra e 'Ndrangheta insieme"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007142000/http://www.aduc.it/articolo/italia+affari+cosa+nostra+ndrangheta+insieme_5701.php |date=7 October 2011 }}, ''Notiziario Droghe'', 30 May 2005.</ref> Additional activities include skimming funds from large public works projects, [[money laundering]], and traditional criminal activities such as [[usury]] and [[extortion]]. The 'Ndrangheta reportedly invests illicit profits in legitimate [[real estate]] and [[financial]] ventures.In February 2017, Italian [[Carabinieri]] reportedly arrested 33 individuals suspected of involvement with the [[Piromalli 'ndrina]], a clan associated with the 'Ndrangheta. The arrests were linked to allegations of exporting fraudulently labeled olive oil to the United States. According to reports, inexpensive olive pomace oil was being marketed as more expensive extra virgin olive oil.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oliveoiltimes.com/olive-oil-business/italy-arrests-33-accused-olive-oil-fraud/55364|title=Italy Arrests 33 Accused of Olive Oil Fraud|date=16 February 2017|website=Olive Oil Times|access-date=19 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920045735/https://www.oliveoiltimes.com/olive-oil-business/italy-arrests-33-accused-olive-oil-fraud/55364|archive-date=20 September 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Earlier, in 2016, the American television program [[60 Minutes]] broadcast a segment that cautioned about the infiltration of the olive oil industry by organized crime, stating that "Agromafia" constituted a $16 billion per year enterprise.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/60-minutes-overtime-how-to-buy-olive-oil/|title=Don't fall victim to olive oil fraud|publisher=CBS News|date=3 January 2016 |access-date=19 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920045538/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/60-minutes-overtime-how-to-buy-olive-oil/|archive-date=20 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

Estimates from Eurispes (Institute of Political, Economic and Social Studies), an Italian private research institute, placed the 'Ndrangheta's business volume at approximately [[Euro|€]]44 billion in 2007. This figure represented about 2.9% of Italy's [[GDP]]. Drug trafficking was identified as the most lucrative activity, accounting for 62% of the total revenue.<ref name="eurispes">{{in lang|it}} [http://www.antimafiaduemila.com/component/option,com_docman/task,doc_download/gid,138/Itemid,51/ ''"Il fatturato della 'Ndrangheta Holding: 2,9% del Pil nel 2007"''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080821131131/https://www.antimafiaduemila.com/component/option%2Ccom_docman/task%2Cdoc_download/gid%2C138/Itemid%2C51/ |date=21 August 2008}}, 'Ndrangheta Holding Dossier 2008, Centro Documentazione Eurispes.</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Estimated Total Turnover of the 'Ndrangheta in 2007
! Illicit activity
! Income
|-
! Drug trafficking
|  [[Euro|€]]   27.240 billion
|-
! Commercial enterprise and public contracts
|  [[Euro|€]]   5.733 billion
|-
! Extortion and usury
|  [[Euro|€]]   5.017 billion
|-
! Arms trafficking
|  [[Euro|€]]   2.938 billion
|-
! Prostitution and human trafficking
|  [[Euro|€]]   2.867 billion
|-
! Total
|  [[Euro|€]] '''43.795''' billion
|}