Editing Theodore Roosevelt (section)

==Legacy==
Historians credit Roosevelt for changing the nation's political system by placing the "[[bully pulpit]]" of the presidency at center stage and emphasizing [[Character (persona)|character]] as much as issues. His accomplishments include trust busting and conservationism. He is a hero to [[Modern liberalism in the United States|liberals]] and [[Progressivism in the United States|progressives]] for his early proposals that foreshadowed the modern welfare state, including [[Direct tax|federal taxation]], [[Labour movement|labor reforms]], and more [[direct democracy]]. [[Conservationists]] admire Roosevelt for prioritizing the [[Environmentalism|environment]] and [[Altruism|selflessness]] towards future generations. [[Conservatism in the United States|Conservatives]] and [[American nationalism|nationalists]] respect his commitment to [[Law and order (politics)|law and order]], [[Civic engagement|civic duty]], and [[Military history of the United States|military values]]. Dalton states, "Today he is heralded as the architect of the modern presidency, as a world leader who boldly reshaped the office to meet the needs of the new century."{{Sfn|Dalton|2002|pp=4–5}}

Liberals and [[History of the socialist movement in the United States|socialists]] criticize his [[Intervention (international law)|interventionist]] and [[American imperialism|imperialist]] approach, while [[Libertarianism in the United States|libertarians]] reject his vision of the welfare state. [[Historical rankings of presidents of the United States|Historians typically rank]] Roosevelt among the top five presidents.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Theodore Roosevelt Biography: Impact and Legacy|website=American President|url=http://www.americanpresident.org/history/theodoreroosevelt/biography/ImpactLegacy.common.shtml|year=2003|publisher=[[Miller Center of Public Affairs]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050418002524/http://www.americanpresident.org/history/theodoreroosevelt/biography/ImpactLegacy.common.shtml|archive-date=April 18, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Legacy: Theodore Roosevelt|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/presidents/26_t_roosevelt/t_roosevelt_legacy.html|publisher=PBS|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040417225355/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/presidents/26_t_roosevelt/t_roosevelt_legacy.html|archive-date=April 17, 2004}}</ref>

===Persona and masculinity===
[[File:Many Roles of Theodore Roosevelt.JPG|thumb|upright=1.6|A 1910 cartoon depicting Roosevelt's many roles from 1899 to 1910]]
Dalton says Roosevelt is remembered as "one of the most picturesque personalities who has ever enlivened the landscape".{{Sfn|Dalton|2002|p=5}} His friend, historian [[Henry Adams]], proclaimed: "Roosevelt, more than any other man... showed the singular primitive quality that belongs to ultimate matter—the quality that medieval theology assigned to God—he was pure act".<ref>{{cite book| first =Henry | last = Adams | title =The Education of Henry Adams: An Autobiography| publisher =Houghton Mifflin Company |url= https://archive.org/details/educationofhenry002024mbp | year=1918|page= [https://archive.org/details/educationofhenry002024mbp/page/n436 417]}}</ref> Cooper compared him with Woodrow Wilson, highlighting their roles as warrior and priest.{{Sfn|Cooper|1983}} Dalton stressed Roosevelt's strenuous life.{{Sfn|Dalton|2002}} Brands calls Roosevelt "the last [[Romanticism|romantic]]", viewing his romantic notion of life as emerging from his belief in physical bravery as the highest virtue.{{Sfn|Brands|1997|p=x}} [[Henry F. Pringle]], who won the [[Pulitzer Prize]] for ''Theodore Roosevelt'' (1931), stated the "Roosevelt of later years was the most adolescent of men."{{sfn|Pringle|1931|p=4}}

Roosevelt as the exemplar of American masculinity has become a major theme.{{Sfn|Testi|1995|p=1513}}<ref>D. G. Daniels, "Theodore Roosevelt and Gender Roles" ''Presidential Studies Quarterly'' (1996) 26#3 pp. 648–665</ref> He often warned that men were becoming too complacent, failing in their duties to propagate the race and exhibit masculine vigor.<ref>{{Cite journal | first = Leroy G | last = Dorsey | title = Managing Women's Equality: Theodore Roosevelt, the Frontier Myth, and the Modern Woman | journal = Rhetoric & Public Affairs | year = 2013 | volume = 16 | number = 3 | page = 425 | doi=10.1353/rap.2013.0037| s2cid = 144278936 }}</ref> Historian [[Serge Ricard]] noted that Roosevelt's advocacy of the "Strenuous Life" made him an ideal subject for psycho-historical analysis of aggressive manhood in his era.<ref>{{Cite journal | first = Serge | last = Ricard | title = Review | journal = The Journal of Military History | year = 2005 | volume = 69 | number = 2 |pages = 536–537 | doi=10.1353/jmh.2005.0123| s2cid = 153729793 }}</ref> He promoted competitive sports for physically strengthening American men<ref name=":0" /> and supported organizations like the [[Boy Scouts of America|Boy Scouts]], to mold and strengthen the character of American boys.<ref>{{cite book | publisher =Boy Scouts of America | title =Boy Scouts Handbook | edition =original | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=GighAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT374 | year =1911 | pages =374–376 | isbn =978-1-62636-639-8 | access-date =October 17, 2015 | archive-date =October 16, 2015 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20151016124911/https://books.google.com/books?id=GighAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT374 | url-status =live }}</ref> Brands shows that heroic displays of bravery were central to Roosevelt's image:
{{Blockquote | What makes the hero a hero is the romantic notion that he stands above the tawdry give and take of everyday politics, occupying an ethereal realm where partisanship gives way to patriotism, and division to unity, and where the nation regains its lost innocence...{{Sfn|Brands|1997|p=372}}}} In 1902, [[Théobald Chartran]] was commissioned to paint Roosevelt's presidential portrait.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=September 8, 2022 |title=The presidents who hated their presidential portraits |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2022/09/07/presidential-portraits-trump-obama-biden/ |access-date=August 4, 2023 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=June 21, 2019 |title=A Tale of Two Painters: Theodore Roosevelt's Portraits |publisher=Boundary Stones |url=https://boundarystones.weta.org/2019/06/21/tale-two-painters-theodore-roosevelts-portraits |access-date=August 4, 2023}}</ref> Roosevelt hid it in a closet before having it destroyed because it made him look like a "meek kitten".<ref name=":2" /> Roosevelt instead chose [[John Singer Sargent]] to paint his portrait.<ref name=":2" />

===Memorials and cultural depictions===
{{Main|List of memorials to Theodore Roosevelt|Cultural depictions of Theodore Roosevelt}}
{{multiple image
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| image1    = Dean Franklin - 06.04.03 Mount Rushmore Monument (by-sa)-3 new.jpg
| caption1  = Roosevelt, second from right, on [[Mount Rushmore]]
| image2    = MtRushmore TR close.jpg
| caption2  = A close up of Roosevelt's face on Mount Rushmore
}}
Roosevelt was included with Presidents [[George Washington]], [[Thomas Jefferson]], and [[Abraham Lincoln]] at the [[Mount Rushmore|Mount Rushmore Memorial]], designed in 1927.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Domek|first1=Tom|last2=Hayes|first2=Robert E.|title=Mt. Rushmore and Keystone|date=2006|publisher=Arcadia Publishing}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Fite|first1=Gibert C.|title=Mount Rushmore|date=2003|publisher=Mount Rushmore History Association|isbn=0-9646798-5-X}}</ref>

Roosevelt's "[[Big stick ideology|Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick]]" ideology is still quoted by politicians and columnists—not only in English, but in many translations.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Fung |first=Brian |date=September 24, 2012 |title=What Does Teddy Roosevelt's 'Big Stick' Line Really Mean, Anyway? |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2012/09/what-does-teddy-roosevelts-big-stick-line-really-mean-anyway/262579/ |magazine=The Atlantic|publisher=Emerson Collective |access-date=June 10, 2020 |archive-date=July 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726060142/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2012/09/what-does-teddy-roosevelts-big-stick-line-really-mean-anyway/262579/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Another popular legacy is the [[teddy bear]]—named after him following an incident on a hunting trip in [[Mississippi]] in 1902.{{Sfn|Leuchtenburg|2015|p=30}}

For his gallantry at San Juan Hill, Roosevelt's commanders recommended him for the [[Medal of Honor]]. However, the recommendation lacked any eyewitnesses, and the effort was tainted by Roosevelt's lobbying of the War Department.{{sfn|Mears|2018|pp=153–154}} In the 1990s, Roosevelt's supporters again recommended the award, which was denied by the [[Secretary of the Army]] on the basis the decorations board determined "Roosevelt's bravery in battle did not rise to the level that would justify the Medal of Honor and, indeed, it did not rise to the level of men who fought in that engagement."{{sfn|Mears|2018|p=154}} Nevertheless, politicians apparently convinced the secretary to reconsider and reverse himself, leading to the charge it was a "politically motivated award".{{sfn|Mears|2018|p=155}} In 2001, President [[Bill Clinton]] awarded Theodore Roosevelt the Medal of Honor for his charge.<ref name=MoH2001>{{cite book|last=Woodall|first=James R.|title=Williams-Ford Texas A and M University Military History: Texas Aggie Medals of Honor: Seven Heroes of World War II|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QBSRPbx44bIC&pg=PA18|year=2010|publisher=Texas A&M University Press|page=18|isbn=978-1-60344-253-4|access-date=October 17, 2015|archive-date=April 7, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407004916/http://books.google.com/books?id=QBSRPbx44bIC&pg=PA18|url-status=live}}</ref> He is the only president to have received it.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Dorr|first1=Robert F.|title=Theodore Roosevelt's Medal of Honor|url=https://www.defensemedianetwork.com/stories/theodore-roosevelts-medal-of-honor/|publisher=Defense Media Network|date=July 1, 2015|access-date=February 12, 2018|archive-date=February 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213080429/https://www.defensemedianetwork.com/stories/theodore-roosevelts-medal-of-honor/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[United States Navy]] named two ships for Roosevelt: the {{USS|Theodore Roosevelt|SSBN-600}}, a submarine in commission from 1961 to 1982, and the {{USS|Theodore Roosevelt|CVN-71}}, an [[aircraft carrier]] on active duty in the [[United States Atlantic Fleet|Atlantic Fleet]] since 1986. Roosevelt has appeared on five U.S. Postage stamps, the first being issued in 1922.<ref>''Scott Specialized Catalogue of US Stamps'', pp. 79, 108, 137, 667, 668</ref> In 1956, the [[United States Postal Service]] released a 6¢ [[Liberty Issue]] postage stamp honoring Roosevelt. A 32¢ stamp was issued in 1998, as part of the [[Celebrate the Century]] series.<ref>{{cite web|title=Up 1900s Celebrate The Century Issues|url=http://arago.si.edu/index.asp?con=1&cmd=1&tid=2041381|publisher=Smithsonian National Postal Museum|access-date=June 18, 2015|date=January 1, 1998|archive-date=June 18, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618202114/http://arago.si.edu/index.asp?con=1&cmd=1&tid=2041381}}</ref> [[Theodore Roosevelt National Park]] in [[North Dakota]] is named after him.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Theodore Roosevelt National Park |department=Travel |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/national-parks/theodore-roosevelt-national-park |magazine=National Geographic |access-date=August 17, 2018 |date=November 5, 2009 |archive-date=August 17, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817161229/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/national-parks/theodore-roosevelt-national-park/ }}</ref> The [[America the Beautiful Quarters]] series features Roosevelt riding a horse on the national park's quarter. Asteroid [[188693 Roosevelt]], discovered in 2005, was named after him.<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web
  |title      = (188693) Roosevelt
  |work      = Minor Planet Center
  |url      = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=188693
  |access-date      = November 21, 2019
|archive-date      = March 8, 2021
|archive-url      = https://web.archive.org/web/20210308120054/https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=188693
  |url-status      = live
  }}</ref> The official {{MoMP|188693|naming citation}} was published by the [[Minor Planet Center]] on November 8, 2019 ({{small|[[Minor Planet Circulars|M.P.C.]] 118221}}).<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive">{{cite web
  |title      = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive
  |work      = Minor Planet Center
  |url      = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html
  |access-date      = November 21, 2019
|archive-date      = October 7, 2010
|archive-url      = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007190852/https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html
  |url-status      = live
  }}</ref> [[Robert Peary]] named the [[Roosevelt Range]] and [[Roosevelt Land]] after him.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.scribd.com/book/380583976/Race-to-the-Top-of-the-World-Richard-Byrd-and-the-First-Flight-to-the-North-Pole|title=Race to the Top of the World: Richard Byrd and the First Flight to the North Pole |first=Sheldon |last=Bart |via=www.scribd.com}}</ref>

Roosevelt has also been portrayed in films and television series such as ''[[Brighty of the Grand Canyon]]'', ''[[The Wind and the Lion]]'', ''[[Rough Riders (film)|Rough Riders]]'', ''[[My Friend Flicka (TV series)|My Friend Flicka]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ctva.biz/US/Western/MyFriendFlicka.htm|title=My Friend Flicka|publisher=Classic Television Archives|access-date=March 18, 2009|archive-date=January 21, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110121120755/http://ctva.biz/US/Western/MyFriendFlicka.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>'' and [[Law of the Plainsman]].'' [[Robin Williams]] portrayed Roosevelt in the form of a wax [[mannequin]] that comes to life in ''[[Night at the Museum]]'' and its sequels.{{sfn|Cullinane|2017}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2014/scene/news/robin-williams-ben-stiller-night-at-the-museum-premiere-1201378034/|title=Ben Stiller, 'Night at the Museum' Cast Honor Robin Williams at Premiere|last=Chi|first=Paul|date=December 12, 2014|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|access-date=October 24, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/hollywood-best-presidents-movies-and-tv/morgan-freeman-as-tom-beck/|title=24 of Hollywood's Best Presidents in Movies and TV|date=February 21, 2022|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|access-date=October 24, 2022}}</ref> Roosevelt is the leader of the American civilization in the video game ''[[Civilization VI]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Teddy Roosevelt will kill you with culture in 'Civilization VI' |url=https://www.digitaltrends.com/gaming/civilization-vi-roosevelt-culture/ |access-date=March 8, 2022 |first=Gabe |last=Gurwin |website=[[Digital Trends]] |date=June 20, 2016 |archive-date=March 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308164606/https://www.digitaltrends.com/gaming/civilization-vi-roosevelt-culture/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

For 80 years, [[Equestrian Statue of Theodore Roosevelt (New York City)|an equestrian statue]] of Roosevelt, sitting above a [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] and an [[African American]], stood in front of New York's [[American Museum of Natural History]]. In 2022, after years of lobbying by activists, the statue was removed. Museum president [[Ellen V. Futter]] said the decision did not reflect a judgment about Roosevelt but the sculpture's "hierarchical composition".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2022/01/20/theodore-roosevelt-statue-amnh-removed |title=Controversial statue of Theodore Roosevelt removed from American Museum of Natural History |date=January 20, 2022 |work=The Art Newspaper |first=Benjamin |last=Sutton |access-date=January 25, 2022 |archive-date=January 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121040700/https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2022/01/20/theodore-roosevelt-statue-amnh-removed |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=pogrebin>{{cite news |work=The New York Times |access-date=June 21, 2020 |date=June 21, 2020 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/21/arts/design/roosevelt-statue-to-be-removed-from-museum-of-natural-history.html |first=Robin |last=Pogrebin |title=Roosevelt Statue to Be Removed From Museum of Natural History |archive-date=June 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621231116/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/21/arts/design/roosevelt-statue-to-be-removed-from-museum-of-natural-history.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Audiovisual media===
Roosevelt was one of the first presidents whose voice was recorded for posterity. Several of his recorded speeches survive.<ref>{{Cite web | format = audio clips | url = http://vvl.lib.msu.edu/list.php?view_keywords=speaker_roosevelt,%20theodore | title = Vincent Voice Library | publisher = [[Michigan State University]] | access-date = July 17, 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130603142019/http://vvl.lib.msu.edu/list.php?view_keywords=speaker_roosevelt,%20theodore | archive-date = June 3, 2013}}</ref> A 1912 voice recording of ''The Right of the People to Rule'',<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.lib.msu.edu/uri-res/N2L?urn:x-msulib::vvl:DB512 |title=MSU |access-date=September 14, 2010}}</ref> which preserves Roosevelt's lower timbre ranges particularly well for its time, is available from the [[Michigan State University]] libraries. The audio clip sponsored by the Authentic History Center includes his defense<ref>{{Cite book |title=Progressive Principles |last=Roosevelt |first=Theodore |author-link=Theodore Roosevelt |editor-last=Youngman |editor-first=Elmer H |year=1913a |publisher=Progressive National Service |page=215 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qLYJAAAAIAAJ |access-date=April 14, 2009 |archive-date=December 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201222104526/https://books.google.com/books?id=qLYJAAAAIAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref> of the Progressive Party in 1912, wherein he proclaims it the "party of the people"&nbsp;– in contrast with the other major parties.
{{multiple image
| align=center| width = 300
| image1 = Teddy Roosevelt, San Francisco, 1903.ogg
| caption1 = Parade for the school children down [[Van Ness Avenue]] in [[San Francisco]]
| image2 = Teddy Roosevelt video montage.ogg
| caption2 = Collection of film clips of Roosevelt
}}