Editing Newcastle upon Tyne (section)

==Government==
{{Main|Newcastle City Council}}

[[File:Newcastle civiccentre 06.jpg|thumb|[[Newcastle Civic Centre]], meeting place of the City Council]]
Newcastle is a [[metropolitan borough]] with [[City status in the United Kingdom|city status]], governed by [[Newcastle City Council]]. There are six [[civil parish]]es within the city boundaries, at [[Blakelaw and North Fenham]], [[Brunswick Village|Brunswick]], [[Dinnington, Tyne and Wear|Dinnington]], [[Hazlerigg]], [[North Gosforth]], and [[Woolsington]], which form an additional tier of local government for their areas. The rest of the city is an [[unparished area]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Election Maps |url=https://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/election-maps/gb/ |publisher=Ordnance Survey |access-date=29 March 2024}}</ref>

The city council is based at [[Newcastle Civic Centre]] in [[Haymarket,_Newcastle|Haymarket]], which opened in 1968.

===Administrative history===
Newcastle was an [[ancient borough]]. It is said to have been made a borough by [[William II of England|William II]] (reigned 1087–1100), although the earliest known charter was granted by [[Henry II of England|Henry II]] (reigned 1154–1189). In 1400, a new charter from [[Henry IV of England|Henry IV]] gave the borough the right to hold its own courts and appoint its own [[sheriff]]s, making it a [[county corporate]], independent from the [[Sheriff of Northumberland]].<ref name=1835commissioners>{{cite book |title=Report of the Commissioners Appointed to Inquire into the Municipal Corporations in England and Wales: Appendix 3 |date=1835 |pages=1633–1635 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N3FTAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA1633 |access-date=29 March 2024}}</ref> Whilst administratively independent, Newcastle was still deemed part of the [[Ceremonial counties of England|geographical county]] of Northumberland for the purposes of [[Lord-lieutenant|lieutenancy]] until 1974.<ref>{{cite book |title=Militia Act |date=1882 |page=21 |publisher=Sweet & Maxwell |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N4pCAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA21 |access-date=18 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Northumberland: Diagram showing administrative boundaries, 1972 |url=https://maps.nls.uk/view/241243837 |website=National Library of Scotland |publisher=Ordnance Survey |access-date=29 March 2024}}</ref>

The Northumberland [[assizes]] were held at [[The Castle, Newcastle|the Castle]] in Newcastle, and subsequently at the [[Moot Hall, Newcastle upon Tyne|Moot Hall]], built within the castle site in 1811.<ref>{{NHLE|desc=Moot Hall, Castle Garth|num=1116297|grade=I|access-date=29 March 2024}}</ref> The Moot Hall also served as the meeting place of [[Northumberland County Council]] from its creation in 1889 until 1981 when the county council moved to [[Morpeth, Northumberland|Morpeth]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=48579|page=5337|date=10 April 1981}}</ref> Newcastle was therefore sometimes described as the [[county town]] of Northumberland,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bell |first1=James |title=A new and comprehensive gazetteer of England and Wales |date=1835 |page=254 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WwoHAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA254 |access-date=29 March 2024}}</ref> although that title was also claimed by [[Alnwick]], where [[knights of the shire]] were elected until the [[Reform Act 1832]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Penny Cyclopaedia, Volumes 15–16 |date=1839 |publisher=Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ns5PAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA316 |page=316 |access-date=29 March 2024}}</ref>

[[File:Guildhall, Quayside frontage - geograph.org.uk - 1732959.jpg|thumb|left|[[Guildhall, Newcastle upon Tyne|Guildhall]], built 1655: Town council's headquarters until 1863]]
Until the 1830s the borough just covered the four parishes of [[All Saints' Church, Newcastle upon Tyne|All Saints]], [[St Andrew's Church, Newcastle upon Tyne|St Andrew]], [[St John the Baptist Church, Newcastle upon Tyne|St John]], and [[Newcastle Cathedral|St Nicholas]].<ref name=1835commissioners/> The [[parliamentary borough]] (constituency) was enlarged in 1832 to also take in [[Byker]], [[Elswick, Newcastle upon Tyne|Elswick]], [[Heaton, Newcastle upon Tyne|Heaton]], [[Jesmond]] and [[Westgate, Newcastle upon Tyne|Westgate]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Parliamentary Boundaries Act |date=1832 |page=353 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uq0uAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA353 |access-date=29 March 2024}}</ref> The municipal boundaries were enlarged to match the constituency in 1836, when Newcastle was reformed to become a [[municipal borough]] under the [[Municipal Corporations Act 1835]], which standardised how most boroughs operated across the country.<ref>{{cite book |title=Municipal Corporations Act |date=1835 |pages=457 |url=https://archive.org/details/statutesunitedk35britgoog/page/456/mode/2up |access-date=29 March 2024}}</ref>

Newcastle was awarded city status in 1882. When elected county councils were established in 1889, Newcastle was considered large enough to provide its own county-level services, and so it was made a [[county borough]].<ref>{{cite legislation UK|type=act|act=Local Government Act 1888|year=1888|chapter=41}}</ref> The city boundaries were enlarged on several occasions, notably in 1904 when it absorbed [[Benwell]], [[Fenham]] and [[Walker, Newcastle upon Tyne|Walker]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Local Government Board's Provisional Orders Confirmation (No. 13) Act 1904 |url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Edw7/4/162/contents/enacted |website=legislation.gov.uk |publisher=The National Archives |access-date=29 March 2024}}</ref> and in 1935 when it absorbed [[Kenton, Newcastle upon Tyne|Kenton]] and parts of neighbouring parishes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Newcastle upon Tyne Municipal Borough / County Borough |url=https://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10108913#tab02 |website=A Vision of Britain through Time |publisher=GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth |access-date=29 March 2024}}</ref> In 1906 the city was given the right to appoint a [[List of mayors of Newcastle upon Tyne|Lord Mayor]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27936|page=5232|date=31 July 1906}}</ref>

In 1974, the county borough was replaced by a larger metropolitan borough within the new county of Tyne and Wear. The borough gained the area of the former [[Urban district (England and Wales)|urban districts]] of [[Gosforth]] and [[Newburn]], and the parishes of Brunswick, Dinnington, Hazlerigg, North Gosforth and Woolsington. It also gained the Moot Hall, which until 1974 had been an [[exclave]] of the administrative county of Northumberland surrounded by the city.<ref>{{cite legislation UK|type=act|act=Local Government Act 1972|year=1972|chapter=70|schedule=1|access-date=25 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite legislation UK|type=si|si=The Metropolitan Districts (Names) Order 1973|year=1973|number=137}}</ref> Newcastle's city status was transferred to the enlarged borough at the same time.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=46255|page=4400|date=4 April 1974}}</ref>

From 1974 until 1986, the city council was a lower-tier district authority, with [[Tyne and Wear County Council]] providing county-level services. The county council was abolished in 1986, since when the city council has again provided both district-level and county-level services, as it had done when it was a county borough prior to 1974. Some functions are provided across Tyne and Wear by joint committees with the other districts. The county of Tyne and Wear continues to exist as a [[ceremonial county]] for the purposes of lieutenancy, but has had no administrative functions since 1986.<ref>{{cite legislation UK|type=act|act=Local Government Act 1985|year=1985|chapter=51|access-date=29 March 2024}}</ref>

Between 2014 and 2018, Newcastle was part of the [[North East Combined Authority (2014–2024)|North East Combined Authority]]. In 2018 after disputes with some of the other councils, it left to create the [[North of Tyne Combined Authority]], which it was a part of until 2024. Since 2024 the council has been a member of the [[North East Mayoral Combined Authority]], which replaced both combined authorities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=North East devolution deal |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/north-east-devolution-deal--2 |access-date=29 March 2024 |website=gov.uk |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite legislation UK|type=si|si=The North East Mayoral Combined County Authority (Establishment and Functions) Order 2024|year=2024|number=402|access-date=6 May 2024}}</ref> 

===UK Parliament===
Newcastle is represented by three elected [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Members of Parliament]] (MPs) in the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]], the lower house of the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]]. All three current MPs are from the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]].
{| class="wikitable"
|+
![[Newcastle upon Tyne Central and West (UK Parliament constituency)|Newcastle upon Tyne Central and West]]
![[Newcastle upon Tyne East and Wallsend (UK Parliament constituency)|Newcastle upon Tyne East and Wallsend]]
![[Newcastle upon Tyne North (UK Parliament constituency)|Newcastle upon Tyne North]]
|-
|[[Chi Onwurah]]
|[[Mary Glindon]]
|[[Catherine McKinnell]]
|-
|[[File:Official portrait of Chi Onwurah MP crop 2, 2024.jpg|frameless|upright=0.75]]
|[[File:Official portrait of Mary Glindon MP crop 2, 2024.jpg|frameless|upright=0.75]]
|[[File:Official portrait of Catherine McKinnell MP crop 2, 2024.jpg|frameless|upright=0.75]]
|-
|[[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]]
|[[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]]
|[[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]]
|}

===EU referendum===
In the [[2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum]], Newcastle voted for the United Kingdom to remain in the [[European Union]], with a ratio of 51:49 in favour of remain, compared to a national ratio of 48:52 in favour of leave.<ref name="independent2">{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/eu-referendum-results-newcastle-upon-tyne-declares-narrow-victory-remain-a7098711.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220618/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/eu-referendum-results-newcastle-upon-tyne-declares-narrow-victory-remain-a7098711.html |archive-date=18 June 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=EU referendum results: Newcastle upon Tyne declares narrow victory for Remain &#124; The Independent|website=The Independent|date=24 June 2016|access-date=18 January 2021}}</ref>